Foods, additives, apparatus, containers and packaging, and children’s toys (hereinafter referred to as "foods, etc.") imported by Japan in 2012 amounted to 32.15 million tons across 2.18 million import notifications. According to the "2012 Food Balance Sheet" published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the food self-sufficiency ratio in Japan is 40% (combined food self-sufficiency ratio by calorie intake), and 60% based on calorie intake is dependent on imports.

In order to ensure the safety of foods, etc., imported into Japan (hereinafter, "imported foods, etc."), the government established the imported food monitoring and guidance plan in 2012 (hereinafter, "the Plan"). The program is based on the Guidelines for Monitoring and Guidance for Food Sanitation (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Notification No. 301, 2003) as per the provisions of Article 23, paragraph 1 of the Food Sanitation Act (Act No. 233, 1947; hereinafter, "the Act"), and public comments were collected and risk communication carried out. The program was published in the Official Gazette as an official report according to the provisions of paragraph 3 of the same article, and monitoring and guidance for imported foods, etc., is being conducted based upon the Program.

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare will publish a recently compiled overview of the implementation of the monitoring and guidance for imported foods, etc., including an overview of the implementation of monitoring and inspections carried out under the Plan, the implementation of inspections of imported foods, etc. inspected or ordered, and an overview of the results thereof, monitoring and guidance to importers and the results thereof, and consultations in exporting countries.

Examination of compliance with the Act was made, primarily with the standards and criteria for foods, etc. under the provisions of Article 11 (1) and Article 18 (1) of the Act (hereinafter, "standards and criteria"), and inspections were carried out as required at the time of importation, based on import notifications made under the provisions of Article 27 of the Act.

Looking at the notifications, inspections and violations made in FY 2012 (Table 1), there were 2,181,495 notifications, and the weight of notified items was 32,155,854 tons. Inspections were carried out on 223,380 items, of which 1,053 cases (running total 1,122 cases) were found to be in violation of the Act, and steps were taken for their re-shipment, disposal, etc. These accounted for 0.05% of the number of notifications.

Inspection numbers and inspection items to be carried out by quarantine stations were defined and inspections were planned for a total of 89,959 cases in FY 2012, considering previous importation data and violation rates for each food type, based on inspection numbers required to enable detection of violations to a statistically fixed degree of reliability.

With the implementation of the positive list system, the number of food sanitation inspectors has been increased from 393 to 399, and equipment for inspection of residual agricultural chemicals expanded. Additionally, the number of agricultural chemicals for inspection increased from 534 to 540, based on the usage of agricultural chemicals overseas.

Checks on the implementation of monitoring inspections at every quarantine station have been carried out, and the Plan reviewed halfway through the monitoring period to enable inspections which conform to the realities of importation.

Looking at the Implementation of Monitoring Inspections for FY 2012 (Table 2), a total of 93,066 cases (actual number 57,350) were carried out compared to a total of 89,959 planned (an implementation rate of 103%), and of these, 175 cases (running total 190) were found to be in violation of the Act, and steps were taken for their recall, etc.

Inspections of the same food type are enhanced in response to the detection of violations of the Act during monitoring inspections, etc. (Table 3). Where multiple violations for residual agricultural chemicals or residual veterinary drugs are detected in foods from the same country, or for foods, etc. which are expected to have a high probability of violation of the Act, such foods, etc. will be subject to inspection upon each and every importation (Table 4). Foods in which aflatoxin or listeria monocytogenes is detected will be subject to immediate inspection (Table 5).

Subject countries and regions, subject foods, etc., and items for inspection have been defined, and inspection orders have been made under provisions of Article 26 of the Act for imported foods, etc. which have a high probability of violating the Act, to prevent harm to public health.

As of March 31st, 2013, 17 items from all exporting countries, and 79 items from 25 countries and 1 region were subject to inspection orders, and the record of inspection orders for FY 2012 (Table 6) shows 82,448 cases (running total 128,126) were implemented, of which 368 cases (running total 374) were found to be in violation of the Act and steps were taken for re-shipment or disposal, etc.

Breaking down the 1,122 cases of violation by provision (Table 7), violations of Article 11 of the Act, which relates to microbial criteria, standards for residual agricultural chemicals, and standards for the use of additives in food, were the most common at 667 cases (59.4% as a proportion of 1,122 violations), followed by violations of Article 6, which relates to contamination with hazardous or toxic substances such as aflatoxin, at 311 cases (27.7%), violations of Article 10, which relates to the use of unspecified additives, at 72 cases (6.4%), violations of Article 18, which relates to standards for apparatus or containers and packaging, at 57 cases (5.1%), violations of Article 9, which relates to the hygiene certificates of meat, at 8 cases (0.7%), and violations of Article 62 (mutatis mutandis application), which relates to standards for toys, at 7 cases (0.6%).

Breaking down the violations by inspection type, the most common were violations relating to hazardous or toxic substances or pathogenic microorganisms (Table 8-1) at 253 cases (22.5% as a proportion of 1,122 violations), followed by violations relating to microbial criteria in frozen foods, etc. (Table 8-2) at 214 cases (19.1%), violations relating to residual agricultural chemicals (Table 8-3) at 191 cases (17.0%), violations relating to unspecified additives used and additives in violations of usage standards (Table 8-4) at 184 cases (16.4%), violations relating to residual veterinary drugs (Table 8-5) at 117 cases (10.4%), violations relating to decay, deterioration, off-flavor and fungus formation (Table 8-6) at 65 cases (5.8%), violations relating to apparatus, containers and packaging (Table 8-7) at 57 cases (5.1%) and violations relating to criteria for toys (Table 8-8) at 7 cases (0.6%).

Breaking down the violations relating to hazardous or toxic substances or pathogenic microorganisms (Table 8-1) by country, the rankings were the USA with 142 cases (56.1% as a proportion of all 253 violations relating to hazardous or toxic substances or pathogenic microorganisms), China with 32 cases (12.6%) and Italy with 18 cases (7.1%). The principle products in violation in these cases were maize from the USA (contamination with aflatoxin), peanuts from China (contamination with aflatoxin) and uncooked meat products from Italy (contamination with Listeria monocytogenes).

Breaking down the violations relating to microbial criteria (Table 8-2) by country, the rankings were China with 65 cases (30.4% as a proportion of all 214 violations relating to microbial criteria), Thailand with 36 cases (16.8%) and Vietnam with 22 cases (10.3%). The principle violation in these cases were, for all countries, microbial criteria (bacterial count, coliform bacteria, E.coli) in frozen foods.

Breaking down the violations relating to residual agricultural chemicals (Table 8-3) by country, the rankings were China with 45 cases (23.6% as a proportion of all 191 violations relating to residual agricultural chemicals), Thailand with 33 cases (17.3%) and Ghana with 19 cases (9.9%). The principle products in violation in these cases were short-necked clam from China (prometryn), immature snap beans from Thailand (difenoconazole) and cacao beans from Ghana (imidacloprid).

Breaking down the violations relating to additives (Table 8-4) by country, the rankings were China with 33 cases (17.9% as a proportion of all 184 violations relating to additives), Brazil with 16 cases (8.7%) and South Korea with 15 cases (8.2%). The principle products in violation in these cases were pickles from China (violation of standard of use (sweetener)), powdered soft drinks from Brazil (use of undersignated additives) and seasonings from South Korea (violation of standard of use (preservative)).

Breaking down the violations relating to residual veterinary drugs (Table 8-5) by country, the rankings were Vietnam with 59 cases (50.4% as a proportion of all 117 violations relating to residual veterinary drugs), India with 37 cases (31.6%) and China with 8 cases (6.8%). The principle products in violation in these cases were shrimp from Vietnam (ethoxyquin), shrimp from India (ethoxyquin) and shrimp from China (sulfamethoxazole).

Breaking down the violations relating to decay, deterioration, nasty smell and fungus formation (Table 8-6) by country, the rankings were the USA with 21 cases (32.3% as a proportion to all 65 violations relating to decay, deterioration, nasty smell and fungus formation), Thailand with 19 cases (29.2%) and Canada with 15 cases (23.1%). The principle products in violation in these cases were wheat from the USA, rice from Thailand and wheat from Canada.

Breaking down violations relating to apparatus, containers and packaging (Table 8-7) by country, the rankings were China with 32 cases (56.1% as a proportion of all 57 violations relating to apparatus, containers and packaging), Vietnam with 8 cases (14.0%) and Taiwan with 5 cases (8.8%). The principle materials in violation in these cases were synthetic resins, which accounted for 39 cases.

Breaking down the violations relating to criteria for toys (Table 8-8) by country, the rankings were China with 6 cases (85.7% as a proportion of all 7 violations relating to criteria for toys) and Sri Lanka with 1 case (14.3%). The principle violation in these cases was nonconformance to the standards (phthalates), which accounted for 5 cases.

The monitoring system at the time of importation has been enhanced and an investigation into domestic distribution (Table 9) has been carried out regarding issues in FY 2012, including enterohemorrhagic E.coli O157 contamination of beef in Canada, Listeria monocytogenes contamination of natural cheeses in Australia and enterohemorrhagic E.coli O26 contamination of natural cheeses in France. The investigation was based on information on the overseas outbreaks of food poisoning and the recall of food products in violation of the Act that has been collected by the National Institute of Health Sciences and the Cabinet Office Food Safety Commission. Appropriate measures including recalls were ordered where there was a record of their import.

Further, on the matter of agricultural chemical poisoning due to frozen dumplings produced in China that occurred in January 2008, inspections for residual agricultural chemicals in processed food were carried out on a total of 9,035 samples throughout FY 2012, which resulted in finding out 2 cases of violation in crackers produced in South Korea (dichlorvos).

In FY 2012, information on products in violation of the Act has been provided to the governments of exporting countries where the products are subject to enhanced inspection orders or monitoring inspections and further, requests have been made through bilateral consultations for investigations into the causes of violations and for taking measures to prevent the recurrence of such violations.

As part of this movement, when it was necessary to confirm the adequacy of sanitation measures during the production or processing stages in the exporting country, with regards to the issues of, for example, residual agricultural chemicals or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (hereinafter, "BSE"), specialists were dispatched to the exporting countries and on-site inspection of sanitation measures taken in the countries was also carried out (Table 10).

On-site inspection for Thai baby corn was carried out from November 5 to 9, 2012, to verify the pathogenic microorganism control systems.

On-site inspection for Australian bivalves was carried out from February 26 to March 1, 2013, to verify the shellfish poison control systems.

Regular on-site inspection for Canadian beef was carried out from December 16 to 22, 2012, at beef production facilities in Canada authorized for export to Japan to verify the observance of the Japan export program.

In addition, regular on-site inspection for USA beef was carried out from December 16 to 22, 2012, at beef production facilities in the USA authorized for export to Japan to verify the observance of the Japan export program.

On-site inspections for Dutch and French beef were carried out from January 9 to 16, 2013, at beef production facilities in Netherland and France authorized for export to Japan to verify the observance of the Japan export program.

Specialists were dispatched to the USA to confirm the adequacy of the sanitation control systems for genetically modified products and meat as part of sanitation control training organized by the governments of exporting countries.

As a new preventative initiative, systematic information gathering and, where required, on-site inspections have been conducted in many exporting countries since FY 2009 regarding sanitation measures at the exporting countries.

For FY 2012, these activities were conducted in India, Indonesia, Ecuador, Australia, Singapore, Spain, Denmark, Germany, New Zealand, Belgium and Malaysia. In addition, initiatives of the governments, producers, and manufacturers of exporting countries were investigated (Table 11).

1. India

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the food sanitation regulations in India, and a seminar on import food monitoring systems and sanitation regulations in Japan was held targeting food suppliers.

Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the sanitation control conditions at spice manufacturing facilities and for the management conditions at inspection institutions.

2. Indonesia

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the food sanitation regulations in Indonesia, and a seminar on import food monitoring systems and sanitation regulations in Japan was held targeting food suppliers.

Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the conditions of veterinary drug control, sanitation control, etc., at farmed shrimp processing facilities.

3. Ecuador

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the food sanitation regulations in Ecuador, and a seminar on import food monitoring systems and sanitation regulations in Japan was held targeting food suppliers.

Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the conditions of residual agricultural chemicals control, microorganism control, etc., at broccoli farms and frozen broccoli manufacturing facilities.

4. Australia

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the food sanitation regulations and sanitation control systems of food exports to Japan in Australia.

Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the conditions of residual agricultural chemicals control of cereals and shellfish poison control of shellfish exported to Japan. Furthermore, on-site inspections were carried out at inspection institutions for algae and the like, and test procedures, etc., were verified.

5. Singapore

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the food sanitation regulations and sanitation control systems of food exports to Japan in Singapore.

Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the sanitation control, etc., at manufacturing facilities of food exports to Japan.

6. Spain

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the sanitation regulations on meat products, etc.

Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the sanitation control systems from raw material production, processing, through to manufacturing processes (including veterinary drug control at farms), hygiene certificate issuing procedures, etc., of meat products exported to Japan.

7. Denmark

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the food sanitation regulations in Denmark, and a seminar on import food monitoring systems and sanitation regulations in Japan was held targeting food suppliers.

Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the sanitation control systems, at fishery processing facilities and bread-making facilities.

8. Germany

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the food sanitation regulations in Germany.

Additionally, inspections were carried out for the role division of the national government and the state government, and for the monitoring systems of food imports managed by the state government.

9. New Zealand

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the food sanitation regulations and sanitation control systems of food exports to Japan in New Zealand.

Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the conditions of residual agricultural chemicals control of agricultural products exported to Japan. Furthermore, on-site inspections were carried out for the monitoring systems at inspection and monitoring institutions.

10. Belgium

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the food sanitation regulations and sanitation control systems of food exports to Japan in Belgium.

Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the conditions of production control including agricultural chemicals, at leek farms.

11. Malaysia

Inspection and opinion exchange were carried out for the food sanitation regulations in Malaysia, and a seminar on import food monitoring systems and sanitation regulations in Japan was held targeting food suppliers.

Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the sanitation control, etc., at manufacturing facilities of food exported to Japan.

In May 2010, both the Minister of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan and the Minister of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) of the People's Republic of China signed a memorandum of understanding on the Japan-China Food Safety Promotion Initiative. As a result, the first ministerial meeting was held and working-level consultations and field studies were conducted. Both parties determined that bilateral exchange and cooperation should continue to be promoted in the field of safety for food exports and imports between two countries.

Activities carried out in FY2012 include the 4th working-level consultations held in November (in Japan).

At the 4th working-level consultations, the Japanese side listened to measures conducted by the Chinese side for aflatoxin in peanuts and other products, residual agricultural chemicals and paralytic shellfish poison in bivalves, residual agricultural chemicals in asparagus and welsh onions, residual veterinary drugs in chicken, and the violation cases that arose during the FY 2012 monitoring, and requested the Chinese side to take remedial measures. The Chinese side requested the Japanese side to provide information on Japanese foods that might be contaminated with radioactive materials and to provide the latest information on the Chinese products subject to inspection orders and enhanced monitoring inspections. More details on the results, etc., of the Japan-China Food Safety Promotion Initiative are posted at the URL below.

Additionally, the Japanese side dispatched specialists to China in May 2012, and carried out technological cooperation on analysis methods for residual agricultural chemicals, etc.

https://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/yunyu/exporter/h241126-27.html

Article 8 and Article 17 of the Food Sanitation Act provide measures for the comprehensive banning of imports, as a method of enabling the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare to comprehensively ban the import or sale of specific foods from specific countries without requiring an inspection.

According to the "Guidelines for the Banning of the Sale or Import of Specific Foods, etc. under Article 8 (1) and Article 17 (1) of the Food Sanitation Act" (SHOKUHATSU No. 0906001 dated September 6th, 2002), before invoking measures for a comprehensive import ban on items that exceed a 5% violation rate in the latest 60 inspection orders, the status of sanitation controls is confirmed with the exporting country, and a request is made for improvements. In FY 2012, no imported foods, etc. were subject to any such measures or requests.

Breaking this down by country (Table 14), the USA had the most cases at 81 (18.5% as a proportion of 437 violations), followed by China with 52 cases (11.9%) and South Korea with 32 cases (7.3%). The principle violation in these cases was the use of unspecified additives in health foods from the USA, the use of preservative in other than target foods in pastries from China, and the use of unspecified additives in pastries from South Korea.

Where the import consultation determined a non-compliance with the Act, appropriate measures were taken to ensure compliance, and guidance given to suspend import until improvements were made. After improvements were made and documentation showing compliance with the Act provided, guidance was given as needed to carry out in advance checks such as inspections for fulfillment of standards and criteria for said foods, etc.

Details of violations including the names and imported foods, etc. of importers in violation of the Act were listed and published on the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare homepage, based on provisions of Article 63 of the Act, in order to clarify the food sanitation risk. Along with the names, etc. of parties in violation, measures taken to rectify matters, the cause of the violation, and method of disposal were also identified and published.

Imported foods, etc. which had already passed customs at the time they are identified as being in violation were promptly recalled with the cooperation of the relevant prefectural governments. Imported foods, etc. discovered to be in violation through domestic market inspections by prefectural governments (Table 15) led to enhanced inspections where required.

Table 1 - Notifications, Inspections, and Violations (FY 2012)

Notifications (cases)	Imported Weight (thousand tons)	Inspections*1 (cases)	Proportion*2 (%)	Violations (cases)	Proportion*2 (%)
2,181,495	32,156	223,380 (82,448)*3	10.2	1,053 (368)*3	0.05 (0.4)*3
(FY 2011) 2,096,127	33,407	231,776	11.1	1,257	0.06

Table 2 - Implementation of Monitoring Inspections (FY 2012)

Food Groups	Inspected Substances*1	Number Planned in FY	Actual Number	Violations
Livestock Foods Beef, pork, chicken, horse meat, other poultry meat, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	2,178	2209	0
	Residual agricultural chemicals	1,879	1,957	0
	Standards for constituents	790	841	0
	Irradiation	29	31	0
	SRM removal	3,000	5,414	0
Processed Livestock Foods Natural cheeses, processed meat products, ice cream, frozen (meat) products, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	2,123	2,208	0
	Residual agricultural chemicals	1,074	1,218	0
	Additives	1,366	1,495	0
	Standards for constituents	2,931	2,849	6
	Mycotoxins	-	1	0
Seafood products Bivalves, fish, shellfish (shrimps, crabs), etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	2,692	2,886	12
	Residual agricultural chemicals	2,663	2,835	2
	Additives	177	191	0
	Standards for constituents	780	1,225	2
	Irradiation	29	27	0
Processed seafood Processed fish products (fillet, dried or minced fish, etc.), Frozen food(seafood, fish), processed marine product eggs, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	3,817	4,106	4
	Residual agricultural chemicals	3,192	3,771	1
	Additives	1,603	1,886	0
	Standards for constituents	4,658	5,436	26
	Irradiation	5	9	0
Agricultural foods Vegetables, fruit, wheat, maize, pulses, peanuts, nuts, seeds, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	1,510	1,790	0
	Residual agricultural chemicals	12,546	13,523	70
	Additives	1,074	1,081	3
	Standards for constituents	1,570	1,515	1
	Mycotoxins	2,388	2,650	1
	Genetically modified food	354	374	0
	Irradiation	119	142	0
Processed agricultural food Frozen food(processed vegetables), processed vegetable products, processed fruit, seasonings, instant noodles, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	299	329	0
	Residual agricultural chemicals	9,557	9,812	23
	Additives	4,101	4,604	4
	Standards for constituents	2,413	2,536	8
	Mycotoxins	2,923	2,763	1
	Genetically modified food	128	99	0
	Irradiation	424	406	1
Other foods Health foods, soups, seasonings, confectionery, cooking oil, frozen food, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	-	2	0
	Residual agricultural chemicals	715	835	2
	Additives	3,523	3,521	3
	Standards for constituents	926	735	3
	Mycotoxins	895	988	0
	Genetically modified food	-	1	0
	Irradiation	-	2	0
Beverages Mineral waters, soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, etc.	Residual agricultural chemicals	358	405	0
	Additives	1,015	1,175	1
	Standards for constituents	776	820	0
	Mycotoxins	118	122	0
Additives Apparatus, containers and packaging toys	Standards for constituents	2,241	2,259	2
Total (gross) 5,000 cases of the total cases planned for the FY were part of enhanced monitoring.		89,959	93,066 Implementation rate of 103%	176*2

Table 3 - Items Subject to Enhanced Monitoring Inspections in FY 2012^*1(As of March 31, 2013^*2)

Country/Region	Subject Food	Inspected Substances
China	Green tea	Triazophos
	Komatsuna(Brassica rapa var.peruviridis)	Indoxacarb,Lufenuron
	Wood ears (Auricularia spp.)	Chlorfenapyr
	Potato	Haloxyfop
	Lychee	Paclobutrazol
	Carrot	Acephate
	Bullfrog	Enrofloxacin
	Wasabi(Japanese horseradish)	Pyrimethanil
	Chinese pepper fruit	Aflatoxin
	Broccoli	Haloxyfop, Acetochlor
	Oolong tea	Indoxacarb, Triazophos, Fipronil
	Green pepper	Pyrimethanil
	Shiitake mushroom	Acetochlor
	Soft-shelled turtle	Enrofloxacin, Oxytetracycline
	Green soy bean	Difenoconazole, Haloxyfop
	Immature kidney	Acetochlor,Cyromazine
	Immature peas	Cholorpyrifos
	Pork	Clenbuterol
	Garlic	Cholorpyrifos
	Loach	Endosulfane
	Garlic sprout	Pyrimethanil
	Eel	Furazolidone
	Flowering bean	Acetochlor
	Mung bean	Phoxim
	Chicken	Furazolidone
	Wax gourd	Metalaxyl and Mefenoxam
	Parsley	Hexachlorobenzene
	Sea urchin (for raw consumption)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus(MPN) *3
Thailand	Immature peas	Diniconazole,Cypermethrin,Tetraconazole, Fenbuconazole, Flusilazole,Propiconazole
	Cassod tree leaf(Senna siamea)	Buprofezin
	PUK WHAN(Sauropus.spp.)	Ametryn, Chlorpyrifos,EPN
	Holy basil	EPN
	WILD BETAL(Piper sarmentosum)	Haloxyfop,Epoxiconazole, Indoxacarb,
	Water mimosa	Triazophos
	Feverweed(Eryngium foeitidum)	Cypermethrin,Buprofezin
	Red hot pepper	Difenoconazole,Cypermethrin,Cyproconazole, Triazophos
	Alpinia galanga	Chlorpyrifos
	Kale	Metalaxyl,Mefenoxam
South Korea	Arch shell (for raw consumption)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MPN)*3
	Tairagikai (Atrina pectinata) for raw consumption	Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MPN)*3
	Eel	Enrofloxacin
	Foods	Dichlorvos
	Strawberry	Metoconazole
	Bell pepper(including Paprika)	Difenoconazole
Mexico	Coffee bean	2,4-D
	Fig	Monocrotophos
	Immature kidney	Fipronil.Flonicamid
	Passion fruit	Cypermethrin
	Star fruit	Fludioxonil
India	Turmeric	Aflatoxin
	Mango	Chlorpyrifos
	Cultured shrimp	Ethoxyquin
	Black tea	Propargite,Monocrotophos
Australia	Pollen	Tetracyclines antibiotics
	Beef	Enterohemorrhagic E.coli
	Buckwheat	Haroxyhop
	Orange	Epoxiconazole
Taiwan	Chives flower	Profenofos
	Bullfrog	Flumequine,Chloramphenicol
	Cultured eel	Fenitrothion, Furazolidone
	Red pepper	Difenoconazole
Philippines	Boiled octopus (for raw consumption)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus *4
	Sea urchin (for raw consumption)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus(MPN) *3
	Pineapple	Fenitrothion
	Cultured shrimp	Ethoxyquin
Vietnam	Cultured shrimp	Ethoxyquin
	Immature peas	Acephate
	Tilapia	Enrofloxacin
	Spinach	Indoxacarb
Italy	Parsley	Difenoconazole
	Radish	Boscalid
	Spring onions	Chlorpyrifos
USA	Celery	Fenamidone
	Blueberry	Malathion, Methoxyfenozide
	Soybean	Thiamethoxam
Laos	Feverweed	Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin
	Sweet basil	Chlorpyrifos
	Holy basil	Profenofos
Indonesia	Immature peas	Difenoconazole
	Spinach	Difenoconazole
Oman	Bell pepper(including Paprika)	Difenoconazole
	Immature kidney beans	Cyromazine
Spain	Unheated processed meat products	Listeria monocytogenes
	Wild strawberry	Bupirimate
Germany	Horseradish	Difenoconazole
	Parsley	Difenoconazole
Uganda	Sesame seeds	Bendiocarb
Ecuador	Cacao bean	Cypermethrin
Ethiopia	Coffee bean	γ-BHC
Austria	Horseradish	Difenoconazole
Cameroon	Cacao beans	Chlorpyrifos,Cypermethrin
Guatemala	Sesame seeds	Imidachloprid
Colombia	Pitahaya (dragon fruit)	Tebuconazole
Turkey	Hazelnut	Aflatoxin
Nigeria	Sesame seeds	Aflatoxin, Chlorpyrifos
Paraguay	Sesame seeds	Carbaryl
Brasil	Buckwheat	Diuron
France	Chicory	Metalaxyl and mefenoxam
Bolivia	Sesame seed	Haloxyfop
Madagascar	Cultured shrimp	Ethoxyquin
Malaysia	Cultured shrimp	Ethoxyquin

Table 4 - Items Transferred to Inspection Order after Enhanced Monitoring Inspections in FY 2012

China	Hard clam	Prometryn
	Constricted tagelus	Prometryn
	Green soybeans	Difenoconazole
	Oolong tea	Fipronil
	Lychees	Diflubenzuron
Thailand	Holy Basil	EPN
	Immature peas	Difenoconazole, Flusilazole
	Red hot pepper	Difenoconazole
India	Chickpea	Glyphosate
	Cultured shrimp	Ethoxyquin
Mexico	Immature kidney beans	Flonicamid
	Star fruit	Fludioxonil
Italy	Parsley	Difenoconazole
Oman	Immature kidney beans	Cyromazine
South Korea	Cultured olive flounder	Kudoa Septempunctata
Philippines	Cultured shrimp	Ethoxyquin
USA	Blueberry	Methoxyfenozide
Vietnam	Cultured shrimp	Ethoxyquin
Bolivia	Sesame seed	Haloxyfop

Table 5 - Items Immediately transferred to Inspection Order in FY 2012

Italy	Unheated meat products (limited to manufactures)	Listeria monocytogenes
	Soft or semisoft natural cheese (limited to manufactures)	Listeria monocytogenes
	Gorgonzola cheese	Listeria monocytogenes
China	Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum)	Aflatoxin
	Foods (limited to manufactures)	Cyclamic acid
	Sea urchin for raw consumption (limited to manufactures)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Australia	Bivalve (limited to manufactures)	Paralytic shellfish poison
Spain	Unheated meat products (limited to manufactures)	Listeria monocytogenes
Taiwan	Foods (limited to manufactures)	Cyclamic acid
France	Soft or semisoft natural cheese (limited to manufactures)	Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26
USA	Processed pistachio products	Aflatoxin
Vietnam	Foods (limited to manufactures)	Cyclamic acid

Table 6 - Major Items subject to Inspection Orders and Inspection Outcomes (FY 2012)

Country/Region	Major subject foods	Major Inspected Substances	Inspections	Violations
All Exporting Countries (17 items)	Dried figs, Chili peppers, Nuts Peanuts.	Aflatoxin	11,557	86
	Manioc, beans containing cyanide	Cyanide	414	9
	Salted salmon roe	Nitrite	348	0
China (31 items)	Eel, Shrimp, Soft-shelled turtle, Chicken, Pork	Enrofloxacin, Clenbuterol,Nitrofurans, Malachite green	29,395	6
	Vegetables, Nuts, Fish, etc. (carrot, welsh onion, pike eel, spinach, peanuts)	Acetochlor, Sulfoxide aldicarb, Chlorpyrifos, Triadimenol, Trifluralin	22,037	18
	Bivalves	Paralytic shellfish poison, Diarrhetic shellfish poison	7,658	1
	All processed products	Cyclamic acid	877	1
	Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum), White pepper	Aflatoxin	50	1
Thailand (13 items)	Vegetables, Fruit (okra, green asparagus, lime leaves, galangal, mango, banana)	Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin, Profenofos, Propiconazole, EPN	1,200	7
South Korea (11 items)	Bivalves	Paralytic shellfish poison, Diarrhetic shellfish toxin	475	0
	Green hot pepper, Freshwater clam, Paprika	Endosulfan, Simeconazole, Chlorpyrifos	117	0
	Live eel	Oxolinic acid, Ofloxacin	28	1
	Cultured olive flounder	Enrofloxacin , Oxytetracycline	2	0
Italy (7 items)	Gorgonzola cheese, Natural cheese, Unheated meat products	Enterohemorrhagic E.coli O26, Listeria monocytogenes	940	5
	Pistachio nuts product	Aflatoxin	214	0
	Parsley	Difenoconazole	1	0
India (7items)	Cultured shrimp	Furazolidone	1,103	8
	Cultured shrimp	Ethoxyquin	721	23
	Cumin seed, Chili peppers, Chickpea	Glyphosate, Triazophos, Profenofos	139	6
	Cassia torea	Aflatoxin	72	1
Taiwan (6 items)	Cultured eel	Furazolidone	230	0
	Carrot, Cultured eel	Acephate, Fenitrothion, Methamidophos	874	0
	All processed products	Cyclamic acid	93	0
USA (6 items)	Corns, Processed pistachio products	Aflatoxin	2,641	102
	Blueberry	Methoxyfenozide	1	0
Other (22 countries ; total 40items)			46,939	99
Total			128,126	374

Table 7 - Violations by Legal Provision (FY 2012)

Provision violated	Violations (cases)	Proportion(%)	Brief details of Violation
Article 6 (Foods and additives prohibited to distribute)	311	27.7	Aflatoxin contamination in corns, peanuts, almonds, dried fig, Job's tears, pistachionuts, chili peppers, nutmeg, walnuts, cassia seeds, Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum)etc.; poisonous fish contamination; detection of diarrhetic and paralytic shellfish toxin; detection of cyanide; detection of Listeria monocytogenes from unheated meat products, detection of Kudoa septempunctata etc.; and decay, deterioration and fungus formation due to accidents during the transport of rice, wheat, rapeseed, soybeans, etc.
Article 9 (Limitation on distribution, etc. of diseased meat, etc.)	8	0.7	No hygiene certificate attached
Article 10 (Limitation of distribution, etc. of additives, etc.)	72	6.4	Use of unspecified additives such asβ-Apo-8'-carotena l, TBHQ, Quinoline Yellow, Patent blue V, cyclamic acid, azorubin, P-hydroxy benzoic acid methyl, Iodized salt, methanol, potassium iodide, boric acid etc.
Article 11 (Standards and criteria for foods and additives)	667	59.4	Violation of standards for constituents for vegetables or frozen vegetables (violation of standards on residual agricultural chemicals), violation of standards for constituents for marine products and processed products thereof (violation of standards on residual veterinary drugs, violation of standards on residual agricultural chemicals), violation of standards for constituents for other processed products (Coliform bacteria test, etc.), violation of standards on use of additives (sulfur dioxide, sorbic acid, benzoic acid etc.), and violation of standards for constituents for additives, detection of radioactive concentration
Article 18 (Standards and criteria for apparatus, containers and packaging)	57	5.1	Violation of criteria for apparatus, containers and packaging Violation of materials criteria for raw materials
Article 62 (Mutatis mutandis application for toys, etc.)	7	0.6	Violations of criteria for toys or their raw materials
Total	1,122(Gross)*1 1,053(Real)*2

Table 8-1 - Violations by Country, Item and Violation details for Hazardous and Toxic substances and pathogenic microorganisms (FY 2012)

Country of Production	Item Category	Violation Details	Cases*
USA	Corn	Aflatoxin (102)	142
	Almond	Aflatoxin (13)
	Peanut	Aflatoxin (11)
	Dried fig	Aflatoxin (6)
	Pistachio nut	Aflatoxin (5)
	Walnut	Aflatoxin (2)
	Flax seed oil	Cyanide
	Mixed cereal	Cyanide
	Peanut butter	Aflatoxin
China	Peanut	Aflatoxin (20)	32
	Job's tears	Aflatoxin (5)
	Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum )	Aflatoxin (2)
	Flax seed	Cyanide
	Fried oyster	Diarrhetic shellfish toxin
	Seasoning	Aflatoxin
	Red pepper	Aflatoxin
	Putter fish	Differentiations of fish species
Italy	Unheated meat products	Listeria monocytogenes (13)	18
	Natural cheese	Listeria monocytogenes (4)
	Red pepper	Aflatoxin
Spain	Uncooked meat products	Listeria monocytogenes (9)	10
	Chocolate	Aflatoxin
South Africa	Peanut	Aflatoxin (6)	6
Iran	Dried fig	Aflatoxin (2)	4
	Pistachio nut	Aflatoxin (2)
India	Cassia seed	Aflatoxin	4
	Red pepper	Aflatoxin
	Mixed spice	Aflatoxin
	Peanut	Aflatoxin
Germany	Bread	Cyanide (2)	4
	Dried fig	Aflatoxin
	Dried fruit	Radioactive substance
Turkey	Dried fig	Aflatoxin (3)	4
	Mixed spice	Aflatoxin
France	Blueberry jam	Radioactive substance (2)	4
	Mushroom	Radioactive substance
	Western confectionery	Cyanide
Indonesia	Nutmeg	Aflatoxin (3)	3
Vietnum	Cassava	Cyanide (3)	3
Belgium	Chocolate	Use of lupine beans (3)	3
Australia	Dried fig	Aflatoxin	2
	Blue Mussel	Paralytic shellfish poison
Thailand	Cassava	Cyanide	2
	Processed agriculture foods	Cyanide
Pakistan	Curry powder	Aflatoxin	2
	Mixed spice	Aflatoxin
Brazil	Food packed in containers and sterilized by pressurization and heating	Cyanide	2
	Seasoning	Cyanide
Myanmar	Butter bean	Cyanide	2
	Lima bean	Cyanide
Argentina	Peanut	Aflatoxin	1
Ukraine	Chocolate	Aflatoxin	1
United Kingdom	Blueberry jam	Radioactive substance	1
Canada	Flaxseed	Cyanide	1
South Korea	Flounder	Kudoa septempunctata	1
Sri Lanka	Chili pepper	Aflatoxin	1
Total			253

Table 8-2 - Violations by Country, Item and Violation details for Microbial Criteria (FY 2012)

Country of production	Item category	Violation details	Cases*
China	Frozen food (fish)	Coliform bacteria(5), E.coli(4), Bacterial count(3)	65
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Coliform bacteria(4), E.coli(3), Bacterial count(2)
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Coliform bacteria(4), E.coli(3), Bacterial count(2)
	Heat processed meat products	E.coli(4), Staphylococcus aureus
	Fish paste products	Coliform bacteria(5)
	Frozen food (marine animals)	Coliform bacteria(3) , Bacterial count(2)
	Chilled fish and shellfish for raw consumption	Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MPN)(3), Coliform bacteria
	Boiled octopus	Coliform bacteria(3), Bacterial count
	Hermetically packaged, Pressure and heat sterilized food products	Possible microbes(4)
	Frozen food (squid)	Bacterial count(2), E.coli
	Frozen food (shellfish)	Bacterial count(3)
	Powdered soft drinks	Bacterial count
	Frozen food (shrimp)	Coliform bacteria
Thailand	Frozen food (shrimp)	Bacterial count(6), E.coli(4), Coliform bacteria(4)	36
	Frozen food (squid)	Bacterial count(4) ,Coliform bacteria(2), E.coli
	Frozen food (fruit)	Coliform bacteria(4),Bacterial count(2)
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Coliform bacteria(3), Bacterial count
	Fish paste products	Coliform bacteria(2)
	Frozen food (marine animals)	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (animal product)	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Coliform bacteria
Vietnam	Frozen fresh fish and shellfish for raw consumption	Coliform bacteria(4) , Bacterial count(3)	22
	Frozen food (shrimp)	E.coli(4), Coliform bacteria, Bacterial count
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Coliform bacteria(3)
	Boiled octopus	Coliform bacteria, Bacterial count
	Fish paste products	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (squid)	Bacterial count
	Frozen food (fish)	Bacterial count
	Frozen food (marine animals)	Bacterial count
South Korea	Frozen fresh fish and shellfish for raw consumption	Coliform bacteria (6), Bacterial count (2)	17
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Bacterial count (3)
	Frozen food (fish)	Bacterial count , Coliform bacteria
	Boiled crab	Bacterial count , Coliform bacteria
	Powdered soft drinks	Bacterial count
	Frozen food (marine animals)	Coliform bacteria
Indonesia	Frozen fresh fish and shellfish for raw consumption	Coliform bacteria(6), Bacterial count (2)	14
	Frozen food (shrimp)	E.coli(3), Bacterial count, Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (fish)	Bacterial count
Taiwan	Powdered soft drinks	Coliform bacteria(3),Bacterial count(2)	13
	Frozen food (fish)	Bacterial count(3)
	Heat processed meat products	E.coli
	Fruits juice for raw material	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (grain)	Bacterial count
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Bacterial count
Italy	Frozen food (other processed products)	Bacterial count(5) ,Coliform bacteria (3)	11
	Ice milk	Coliform bacteria (2)
	Heat processed meat products	Coliform bacteria
Canada	Frozen food (fish)	Bacterial count(2), Coliform bacteria	7
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Coliform bacteria(3)
	Frozen fresh fish and shellfish for raw consumption	Coliform bacteria
Chile	Frozen fresh fish and shellfish for raw consumption	Coliform bacteria(5)	5
Philippines	Boiled octopus	Bacterial count, Coliform bacteria	5
	Frozen fresh fish and shellfish for raw consumption	Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MPN)
	Frozen food (shellfish)	E.coli
	Frozen food (fruit)	Coliform bacteria
India	Powdered soft drinks	Bacterial count	2
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Bacterial count
Estonia	Frozen food (fish)	Bacterial count ,Coliform bacteria	2
Netherlands	Soft drinks	Coliform bacteria	2
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Coliform bacteria
Sri Lanka	Frozen fresh fish and shellfish for raw consumption	Bacterial count ,Coliform bacteria	2
Japan	Frozen food (other processed products)	Bacterial count(2)	2
New Zealand	Ice cream	Coliform bacteria	2
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Coliform bacteria
France	Butter	Coliform bacteria	2
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Coliform bacteria
Australia	Frozen food (marine animals)	Bacterial count	1
Guatemala	Frozen food (shrimp)	Coliform bacteria	1
Switzerland	Powdered soft drinks	Bacterial count	1
Turkey	Fruits juice for raw material	Coliform bacteria	1
Laos	Powdered soft drinks	Bacterial count	1
Total			214

Table 8-3 - Violations by Country, Item and Violation details for residual agricultural chemicals (FY 2012)

Country of Production (Total of violations)	Item Category	Violation Details		Cases*1
		Standard Value	Uniformity Standard
China	Short-necked clam		Prometryn (7)	45
	Oolong tea	Fipronil (6)
	Green soybeans		Difenoconazole (5), Haloxyfop
	Lychee	Diflubenzuron (2), paclobutrazol
	Asparagus		Ametryn (2)
	Constricted tagelus		Prometryn (2)
	Hard clam		Prometryn (2)
	Broccoli		Haloxyfop (2)
	Wood ear mushroom	Chlorpryifos
	Japanese mustard spinach		Lufenuron
	Sesame seed		Dicofol
	Shiitake mushroom		Acetochlor
	Osmund		Acetochlor
	Wax gourd		metalaxyl and mefenoxam
	Carrot	Triadimenol
	Garlic	Chlorpryifos
	Welsh onion		Aldicarb sulfoxide
	Parsley	Hexachlorobenzene
	Bell pepper		Difenoconazole
	Pike eel	Trifluralin*2
	Potato		Haloxyfop
	Wasabi (Japanese horseradish)		Pyrimethanil
	Mung bean	Phoxim
Thailand	Immature peas	Propiconazole	Difenoconazole (9), Flusilazole (5), Diniconazole, Tetraconazole	33
	Red hot pepper	Cypermethrin, Triazophos	Difenoconazole (2), Cyproconazole
	PHAK WAN	Chlorpyrifos	Ametryn, EPN
	WILDBETAL		Indoxacarb, Epoxiconazole, Haloxyfop
	Holy basil		EPN (2)
	Kaffir lime leaves	Profenofos (2)
	Kale		metalaxyl and mefenoxam
Ghana	Cacao bean	Imidacloprid (11)	Fenvalerate (8)	19
Mexico	Avocado	Methamidophos (3)	Acephate (2)	15
	Star fruit		Fludioxonil (4)
	Immature kidney beans	Fipronil	Flonicamid (2)
	Fig		Monocrotophos
	Coffee bean		2, 4-D
	Passion fruit	Cypermethrin
India	Cumin	Profenofos (3)		10
	Red hot pepper	Triazophos (3)
	Black tea	Propargite, Monocrotophos
	Oolong tea	Fipronil
	Chickpea	Glyphosate
Venezuela	Cacao bean		2, 4-D (8)	8
USA	Blueberry	Malathion	Methoxyfenozide (2) *2	6
	Celery		Fenamidone (2)
	Soy bean	Thiamethoxam
Oman	Paprika		Difenoconazole	5
	Immature kidney beans		Cyromazine (4)
Cameroon	Cacao bean	Cypermethrin (3), Chlorpryifos (2)		5
South Korea	Strawberry		Metconazole	4
	Paprika		Difenoconazole
	Biscuit		Dichlorvos (2)
Laos	Feverweed	Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin		4
	Holy basil	Profenofos
	Sweet basil	Chlorpryifos
Indonesia	Coffee bean		Carbaryl	3
	Immature peas		Difenoconazole
	Spinach		Difenoconazole
Ecuador	Cacao bean	Diuron	2, 4-D (2)	3
Bolivia	Kidney bean		Flutriafol	3
	Sesame seed		Haloxyfop (2)
Myanmar	Sesame seed		Imidacloprid (2), Carbaryl	3
Italy	Parsley		Difenoconazole	2
	Radish		Boscalid
Guatemala	Sesame seed		Imidacloprid (2)	2
Sri Lanka	Oolong tea	Fipronil	Indoxacarb	2
Taiwan	Red hot pepper		Difenoconazole	2
	Chives flower	Profenofos
Germany	Parsley		Difenoconazole	2
	Horseradish		Difenoconazole
France	Chicory		Metalaxyl and mefenoxam	2
	Lentil	Piperonil butoxide
Vietnam	Shrimp	Trifluralin (2)		2
Iceland	Whale	Aldrin and dieldrin		1
Uganda	Sesame seed		Bendiocarb	1
Australia	Buckwheat		Haloxyfop	1
Austria	Horseradish		Difenoconazole	1
Colombia	Pitahaya (dragon fruit)		Tebuconazole	1
Sudan	Sesame seed	2, 4-D		1
Spain	Wild strawberry		Bupirimate	1
Nigeria	Sesame seed	Chlorpryifos		1
Paraguay	Sesame seed		Carbaryl	1
Philippines	Pineapple	Fenitrothion		1
Brazil	Buckwheat	Diuron		1
Total				191

Table 8-4 - Violations by Country, Item and Violation Details for Additives (FY 2012)

Country of Production	Item Category	Violation Details	Cases*
China	Pickles (vegetable）	Sodium saccharin(3), Sucralose	33
	Fruit preparation	Benzoic acid, Sulfur dioxide, TBHQ
	Health foods	Cyclamic acid (2), Sulfur dioxide
	Frozen food (marine animals）	Sulfur dioxide (2)
	Dried vegetable	Sulfur dioxide (2)
	Boiled (vegetable)	TBHQ (2)
	Oil	TBHQ (2)
	Frozen crab (fillet / peeled）	Sulfur dioxide (2)
	Salted vegetable	Sulfur dioxide
	Confectioney	Polysorbate
	Dried seaweed products	Sulfur dioxide
	Dried fruit	Sulfur dioxide
	Chestnut preparation	Sulfur dioxide
	Leaves ( cherry trees, oak tree, bamboo, etc)	Sulfur dioxide
	Fruit in syrup	Sulfur dioxide
	Boiled beans	Sulfur dioxide
	Peanuts	TBHQ
	Frozen food ( fish )	Cyclamic acid
	Frozen food ( grain )	TBHQ
	Frozen food (other processed product)	Sorbic acid
	Container packing filling pressurization heating sterilization food	Sorbic acid
Brazil	Powdered soft drinks	Azorubin (3), Benzoic acid	16
	Red pepper preparation	Benzoic acid (2), Sorbic acid (2)
	Candy	TBHQ (3)
	Fruit vinegar	Sulfur dioxide
	Soup stock cube	TBHQ
	Soft drinks	Sulfur dioxide
	Tomato Paste	Benzoic acid
	Oil	TBHQ
South Korea	Seasonings	Sorbic acid (2), Polysorbate (2)	15
	Frozen food (marine animals)	Polysorbate (3)
	Other foods	Sodium metasilicate (3)
	Health foods	Potassium iodide, Zinc sulfate
	Soft drinks	Polysorbate
	Vegetable preparation	Polysorbate
	Frozen food ( fish )	Sorbic acid
Italy	Confectioney	Sulfur dioxide, β-Apo-8'-carotenal	13
	Syrup	Quinoline yellow, Sorbic acid
	Vegetable preparation	Benzoic acid, Sorbic acid
	Other foods	Azorubin, Propylene glycol
	Fruit sauce	Sorbic acid
	Fruit juice used as raw material	Sorbic acid
	Pickles ( fruit )	Ferrous gluconate (as iron)
	Natural cheese	Patent blueⅤ
	Bread	Sorbic acid
India	Container packing filling pressurization heating sterilization food	TBHQ (4)	13
	Jam	Sodium benzoate (3)
	Fruit preparation	Sodium benzoate, Iodized salt
	Frozen food ( other processed product )	TBHQ (2)
	Ketchup	Sodium benzoate
	Syrup	Benzoic acid
Spain	Chocolate	Patent blueⅤ(3)	11
	Pork preparation	Sulfur dioxide (2), Cochineal extract
	Pickles (fruit）	Ferrous gluconate (as iron) (2)
	Pickles (vegetable)	Benzoic acid, Sulfur dioxide
	Non-heating edible meat product	Sorbic acid
USA	Seasonings	Benzoic acid, Polysorbate	11
	Chocolate	Sorbic acid, Azorubin
	Confectioney	TBHQ
	Dried fruit	Sulfur dioxide
	Fish oil	Methanol
	Alcohol	Sorbic acid
	Syrup	Benzoic acid
	Soft drinks	Sorbic acid
	Other foods	Sunflower lecithin
Vietnam	Shrimp preparation	Sodium benzoate, Potassium sorbate	9
	Vegetable preparation	Benzoic acid, Sorbic acid
	Confectioney	Cyclamic acid
	Health foods	Methyl parahydroxybenzoate
	Soya sauce	Benzoic acid
	Instant noodle	Cyclamic acid
	Seasonings	Cyclamic acid
Philippines	Fruit in syrup	Sulfur dioxid (2)	8
	Snack food	TBHQ (2)
	Fruit preparation	Sulfur dioxide
	Dried coconut	Dibutylhydroxytoluene
	Fish sauce	Benzoic acid
	Oil	TBHQ
Israel	Syrup	Acesulfame potassium (3), Sucralose (2), Quinoline yellow	7
	Confectioney	TBHQ
Thailand	Fruit in syrup	Sulfur dioxide (2)	7
	Soft drinks	Choline bitartrate
	Sauce	Benzoic acid
	Tapioca starch	Sulfur dioxide
	Processed agricultural product	TBHQ
	Royal jelly capsule	Methyl parahydroxybenzoate
Indonesia	Frozen food (shrimp)	Benzalkonium chloride (5)	6
	Instant noodle	TBHQ
Sri Lanka	Soft drinks	Potassium sorbate (4), Azorubin (2)	6
France	Chocolate	Azorubin, Patent blueⅤ	5
	Confectioney	Patent blueⅤ
	Caviar	Boric acid
	Frozen food ( bread )	Sunflower lecithin
Australia	Fresh Fruit	Imazalil (3)	3
Taiwan	Confectioney	TBHQ (2)	3
	Container packing filling pressurization heating sterilization food	Cyclamic acid
Peru	Chocolate	TBHQ (2)	3
	Dried grain	Sulfur dioxide
German	Confectioney	Magnesium stearate, Silicon dioxide	2
Turkey	Dried fruit	Sulfur dioxide	2
	Processed agricultural product	Sulfur dioxide
Belgium	Confectioney	Sulfur dioxide	2
	Chocolate	Azorubin
Argentina	Chocolate	TBHQ	1
Netherlands	Other foods	Sulfur dioxide	1
Canada	Frozen food (cake)	Propionic acid	1
Saudi Arabia	Soft drinks	Sorbic acid	1
New Zealand	Jam	Sulfur dioxide	1
Botswana	Fruit preparation	Sulfur dioxide	1
Hong Kong	Seasonings	TBHQ	1
South Africa	Grapefruit	Imazalil	1
Luxemburg	Chocolate	Quinoline yellow	1
Total			184

Table 8-5 - Violations by Country, Item and Violation details for Residual Veterinary Drugs (FY 2012)

Country of Production	Item Category	Violation details			Cases*
		Excess of standard values	Do not contain	Non-detectable
Vietnam	Shrimp	Ethoxyquin (20)	Enrofloxacin (19)	Chloramphenicol (11), Furazolidone (as AOZ) (2)	59
	Squid			Chloramphenicol (6)
	Tilapia		Enrofloxacin
India	Shrimp	Ethoxyquin (29)		Furazolidone (as AOZ) (8)	37
China	Shrimp		Sulfamethoxazole (3), Chlortetracycline		8
	Eel		Enrofloxacin	Malachite green
	Bullfrog		Enrofloxacin
	Soft-shelled turtle		Oxytetracycline
South Korea	Eel	Oxolinic acid	Ofloxacin (2), Enrofloxacin		4
Australia	Pollen		Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline		2
Philippines	Shrimp	Ethoxyquin (2)			2
Malaysia	Shrimp	Ethoxyquin (2)			2
Indonesia	Shrimp			Furazolidone (as AOZ)	1
Spain	Shrimp			Furazolidone (as AOZ)	1
Madagascar	Shrimp	Ethoxyquin			1
Total					117

Table 8-6 - Violations by Country, Item for Decay, Deterioration, Nasty smell and Fungus Formation (FY 2012)

Country of Production	Item Category	Cases
USA	Wheat (13)	21
	Soybean (4)
	Rice (3)
	Barley
Thailand	Rice (19)	19
Canada	Wheat (6)	15
	Rapeseed (6)
	Barley(2)
	Soybean
Vietnam	Rice (4)	4
Australia	Barley	3
	Wheat
	Rice
Brazil	Soybean (2)	2
China	Rice	1
Total		65

Table 8-7 - Violations by Country and Material for Apparatus, Containers and Packaging (FY 2012)

Country of Production	Material type	Violation Details	Cases*
China	Synthetic resins	Evaporation residue (15), Coloring agent (4), Formaldehyde (3), Lead (2), Potassium permanganate consumption, Volatile substances, Dibutyltin compounds, Phenol	32
	Porcelain enamel	Cadmium (2), Lead
	Combination	Bisphenol A
Vietnam	Porcelain enamel	Cadmium (8)	8
Taiwan	Synthetic resins	Caprolactam (2), Cadmium	5
	Combination	Evaporation residue
	Rubber	Zinc
South Korea	Synthetic resins	Lead (2), Caprolactam, Formaldehyde	4
France	Ceramics	Lead (2)	3
	Combination	Dibutyltin compounds
Italy	Tin alloy ware	Antimony	1
UK	Ceramics	Cadmium	1
Nepal	Tin alloy ware	Lead	1
Brazil	Ceramics	Lead	1
USA	Synthetic resins	Evaporation residue	1
Total			57

Table 8-8 - Violations by Country and Material for Toys (FY 2012)

Country of Production	Material type	Violation Details	Cases*
China	Combination	Di-n-butyl phthalate (2), Bisphthalate (2)	6
	Paper	Undesignated coloring agent
	Rubber	Undesignated coloring agent
Sri Lanka	Lumber	Bisphthalate	1
Total			7

Table 9 - Major Examples of Enhanced Monitoring based on Overseas Information (FY 2012)

Month of Enhancement	Subject Country	Subject Food and Details	Background and Status
April	China	Gelatin (Possible contamination with chromium)	Information was received stating that in China industrial gelatin containing chromium was used for medical capsules and relevant medical products were recalled. When the import notification was made for relevant products specified by the Chinese government, steps were taken to instruct import suspension.
June	South Korea	Bivalves (Possible contamination with Norovirus)	Information was received stating that in the USA norovirus poisoning occurred due to oysters from South Korea and the USA government ordered the ban and recall of bivalves from South Korean. Steps were taken to enhance on-site inspection and monitoring of inspection.
July	Italy	Snack foods (Possible contamination with foreign object)	Information was received stating that in Italy contamination with foreign object was found in snack foods and relevant snack foods were recalled. When the import notification was made for such recall products, steps were taken for reshipment.
July	South Korea	Galacto-oligosaccharide (Possible contamination with Salmonella)	Information was received stating that in Russia food poisoning occurred due to galacto-oligosaccharide from South Korea. When the import notification was made for the relevant product and food containing the relevant product, steps were taken to instruct import suspension.
August	Germany	Passion fruit powder (Possible contamination with benzalkonium chloride)	Information was received stating that in Germany benzalkonium chloride was detected in passion fruit powder and relevant products were voluntarily recalled. When the import notification was made for such recall products, steps were taken for reshipment, etc.
September	Czech Republic	Alcoholic beverages (Possible contamination with methanol)	Information was received stating that in the Czech Republic there was a fatality due to methanol in alcoholic beverages and sales of beverages with alcohol content of 20% or more was banned. When the import notification was made for alcohol beverages from Czech Republic (only for alcohol content of 20% or more), steps were taken for withholding the freight and voluntary inspection for methanol.
September	USA	Roasted peanut, peanut butter, peanut paste, almond butter, cashew butter, and tahini (sesame paste) (Possible contamination with Salmonella)	Information was received stating that in the USA a health hazard the suspected cause of which is peanut butter produced by Sunland, Inc. and Trader Joe’s occurred due ti Salmonella. When the import notification was made for relevant recall products, steps were taken for reshipment.
October	Canada	Beef (including internal organs) (Possible contamination with enterohemorrhagic E.coli O157:H7)	Information was received stating that in the USA and Canada beef processed by XL Foods or LAKESAIDE PACKERS was recalled due to detection of enterohemorrhagic E.coli O157:H7. When the import notification was made for relevant beef, steps were taken for reshipment, etc.
October	South Korea	Instant noodles (Possible contamination with benzopyrene)	Information was received stating that in South Korea food products using dried bonito in which benzopyrene exceeding the standard was detected were recalled. When the import notification was made for such recall products, steps were taken for reshipment, etc.
November	France	Wine (Possible contamination with glass pieces)	Information was received stating that an importer was voluntarily recalling French wine where contamination with glass pieces was identified. When the import notification was made for such recall products, steps were taken for reshipment.
December	South Korea	Kimchi (Korean pickles) (Possible contamination with Norovirus)	Information was received stating that in South Korea food poisoning occurred due to norovirus in kimchi and food products produced by the relevant manufacturer were recalled. When the import notification was made for such recall products, steps were taken for reshipment.
December	Brazil	Beef (Possible contamination with specific risk material)	Information was received stating that in Brazil the first case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was identified. Steps were taken to immediately suspend import procedures of Brazilian beef.
January	Australia	Soft and semi-soft natural cheeses (Possible contamination with Listeria monocytogenes)	Information was received stating that in Australia food poisoning occurred due to Listeria monocytogenes and soft and semi-soft natural cheeses produced by the relevant manufacturers were recalled. When the import notification was made for such recall products, steps were taken for reshipment.
March	France	Soft and semi-soft natural cheeses (Possible contamination with enterohemorrhagic E.coli O26)	Information was received stating that in Germany enterohemorrhagic E.coli O26 was detected in soft and semi-soft natural cheeses from France and relevant products were recalled. When the import notification was made for such recall products, steps were taken for reshipment.

Table 10 - Implementations of Major Bilateral Talks and On-Site Inspections (FY 2012)

Subject Item (Inspection order item, etc.)	Bilateral Talks	Date of Site Survey, etc.
Belgium, Leek (residual agricultural chemicals)	The consultation has begun in January 2010. In September 2012, the Belgian government adopted residual agricultural chemicals control measures relating to violations, and on-site inspection was carried out for verification. The enhanced monitoring inspections were rescinded based on the outcome of inspections, and caused unfolding and the improvement report by the Belgian government.	September 2012
Thailand, Baby corn (dysentery bacillus)	The consultation has begun in August 2008. In November 2012, the Thai government adopted residual agricultural chemicals control measures relating to violations, and on-site inspection was carried out for verification. On verification of appropriate improvements, the monitoring system was changed to normal.	November 2012
Australia, Citrus (residual agricultural chemicals)	The consultation has begun in November 2011. In December 2012, information provision on Japan’s test methods for chlorpyrifos, epoxiconazole, imazalil and thiabendazole was made. Talks are continuing.	–
India, Farmed shrimp and prawn (ethoxyquin, furazolidone)	In August 2012, ethoxyquin was added to the inspection order items. The consultation has begun in November, and are continuing on the control of ethoxyquin and furazolidone.	–
South Korea, Bivalves (norovirus)	The consultation has begun in July 2012. The South Korean government adopted sanitation control measures and self-imposed control of import was rescinded in July 2013. Talks are continuing.	–
Canada, Beef (BSE)	The consultation with Canada were carried out for reviewing the import conditions based on the assessment of the effect of food on health issued by Food Safety Commission in October 2012. Prior to reviewing, on-site inspection was carried out for the preparation state of the new Japan export program.	December 2012
USA, Beef (BSE)	The consultation with the USA were carried out for reviewing the import conditions based on the assessment of the effect of food on health issued by Food Safety Commission in October 2012. Prior to reviewing, on-site inspection was carried out for the preparation state of the new Japan export program.	December 2012
Subject Item (Inspection order item, etc.)	Bilateral Talks	Date of Site Survey, etc.
Netherland, Beef (BSE)	Based on the assessment of the effect of food on health issued by the Food Safety Commission in October 2012, the consultation with Netherland were carried out to remove import bans within the limits of the assessment. On-site inspection was carried out to confirm the preparation state of the Japan enforcement of the Japan export program.	January 2013
France, Beef (BSE)	Based on the assessment of the effect of food on health issued by the Food Safety Commission in October 2012, the consultation with France were carried out to remove import bans within the limits of the assessment. On-site inspection was carried out to confirm the preparation state of the Japan enforcement of the Japan export program.	January 2013
Australia, Bivalves (paralytic shellfish poison)	The consultation has begun in October 2012. The Australian government adopted control measures related to violations and on-site inspection was carried out for verification. Talks are continuing.	February 2013
USA, Maize (aflatoxin)	The consultation has begun in February 2013, and is continuing.	–

Table 11 - Implementation of Exporting Country Advance Inspections (FY 2012)

India
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in India
Relevant law	• Food Safety and Standard Act (2006) • Food Safety and Standard Regulation (2011) • Food Safety and Standard Rules (2011)
Summary	Descriptions were given by the person in charge at the Indian government about the food sanitation regulations in India, and opinions were exchanged. A seminar on import food monitoring systems and sanitation regulations in Japan was held targeting food suppliers. Additionally, on-site inspections for the sanitation control conditions at spice manufacturing facilities and for the management conditions at inspection institutions were carried out.
Indonesia
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Indonesia
Relevant law	• Republic of Indonesia Act No.7 of 1996 concerning Food • Revision of Republic of Indonesia concerning Food • Act concerning Maximum Standards for Microorganisms Contamination and Chemicals Contamination in Food • Act concerning Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine, etc.
Summary	Descriptions were given by the person in charge at the Department of Agriculture, Indonesia National Agency of Drug and Food Control, about the food sanitation regulations in Indonesia, and opinions were exchanged. A seminar on import food monitoring systems and sanitation regulations in Japan was held targeting food suppliers. Additionally, on-site inspections for the conditions of veterinary drug control, sanitation control, etc., at cultured shrimp processing facilities were carried out.
Ecuador
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Ecuador
Relevant law	Law on Food Sovereignty
Summary	Descriptions were given by the person in charge at the Ecuadorian government about the food sanitation regulations in Ecuador, and opinions were exchanged. A seminar on import food monitoring systems and sanitation regulations in Japan was held targeting food suppliers. Additionally, on-site inspections for the conditions of residual agricultural chemicals control, microorganism control, etc., at broccoli farms and frozen broccoli manufacturing facilities were carried out.
Australia
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Australia
Relevant law	• Food Standards Code • Imported Food Control Act 1992 • Export Control Act 1982
Summary	Descriptions were given by the section in charge at the Australian government and the person in charge at the Food Standards Australia New Zealand about the food sanitation regulations and sanitation control systems of food exports to Japan in Australia, and opinions were exchanged. Additionally, on-site inspections for the conditions of residual agricultural chemicals control of cereals and shellfish poison control of shellfish exported to Japan were carried out. Furthermore, on-site inspections at inspection organizations for algae, etc. were carried out and test procedures, etc. were confirmed.
Singapore
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Singapore
Relevant law	• Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority Act • Sale of Food Act • Wholesome Meat and Fish Act • Animal and Birds Act • Feeding Stuffs Act • Fisheries Act • Control of Plants Act
Summary	Descriptions were given by the section in charge at the Singaporean government about the food sanitation regulations and sanitation control systems of food exports to Japan in Singapore, and opinions were exchanged. Additionally, on-site inspections for the sanitation control, etc., at manufacturing facilities of confectioneries exported to Japan were carried out.
Spain
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Spain
Relevant law	• The Food Act (Regulation (EC) No. 178/2002) • Act on the hygiene of foodstuffs (Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004) • Specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin (Regulation (EC) No. 853/2004) •Specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption (Regulation (EC) No. 854/2004) • Act on official controls (Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004)
Summary	Inspection was carried out for the sanitation regulations of meat products, etc., in Spain. Additionally, concerning meat products exported to Japan, inspections were carried out for the acquisition and propagation methods of Japan’s regulations and standards conducted by the Spanish government, and for the monitoring systems from raw material production, processing, through to manufacturing processes (including veterinary drug control at farms) hygiene certificate issuing procedures conducted by local government.
Denmark
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Denmark
Relevant law	• EU Regulations • Denmark Food Act
Summary	Descriptions were given by the person in charge at the Danish government about the food sanitation regulations in Denmark, and opinions were exchanged. A seminar on import food monitoring systems and sanitation regulations in Japan was held targeting food suppliers. Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the control conditions, etc., at fishery processing facilities and bread-making facilities.
Germany
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Germany
Relevant law	• The Food Act (Regulation (EC) No. 178/2002) • Act on the hygiene of foodstuffs (Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004) • Specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin (Regulation (EC) No. 853/2004) •Specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption (Regulation (EC) No. 854/2004) • Act on official controls (Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004) • German Food and Feed Code (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch)
Summary	Descriptions were given by the sections in charge at the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV), Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) and the Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Nature Protection and Consumer Protection of the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia about the food sanitation regulations in Germany, and opinions were exchanged. Additionally, inspections were carried out for the role division of the national government and the state government, and for the monitoring systems of food imports managed by the state government.
New Zealand
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in New Zealand
Relevant law	• Food Standards Code • Animal Product Act 1999 • Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act 1997 • Food Hygiene Regulation 1974 • Food Act 1981 • Wine Act 2003
Summary	Descriptions were given by the section in charge at the New Zealand government and by the person in charge of a producers group about the food sanitation regulations and sanitation control systems of food exported to Japan in New Zealand, and opinions were exchanged. Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the conditions of residual agricultural chemicals control of agricultural products exported to Japan. Furthermore, on-site inspections were carried out at inspection and monitoring institutions, and descriptions on inspection and monitoring systems were given.
Belgium
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Belgium
Relevant law	European Hygiene Legislation (EU Regulation)
Summary	Descriptions were given by the person in charge at the Belgian government about the food sanitation regulations and sanitation control systems of food exported to Japan in Belgium, and opinions were exchanged. Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the conditions of production control including agricultural chemicals used, at leek farms.
Malaysia
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Malaysia
Relevant law	• Food Act 1983 • Food Regulation 1985 • Food Hygiene Regulation 2009 • Food Irradiation Regulation 2011
Summary	Descriptions were given by the sections in charge at the Ministry of Health Malaysia about the food sanitation regulations in Malaysia, and opinions were exchanged. A seminar on import food monitoring systems and sanitation regulations in Japan was held targeting food suppliers. Additionally, on-site inspections were carried out for the sanitation control, etc., at manufacturing facilities of food exported to Japan.

Table 12 - Outcomes of Import Consultations at Office on Imported Food Consultation by FY

	FY 2008	FY 2009	FY 2010	FY2011	FY2012
Import consultations implemented	11,601	13,275	14,324	15,122	13,962
Import consultations on item-by-item basis	27,083	34,245	34,479	27,334	27,825
Violations on item-by-item basis	410	310	426	354	372

Table 13 - Number of Violations in Import Consultation by Provision (FY 2012)

Provision	Violations (cases)	Proportion(%)	Details of major violations
Article 6 (Foods and additives prohibited to distribute)	11	2.5	Use of lupin Deviation from the approved sea area and type(s) of pufferfish
Article 9 (Limited on distribution, etc. of diseased meat, etc.)	3	0.7	Use of material sourced from beef arriving via countries with incidents of BSE (instruct to keep from importing)
Article 10 (Limitation on distribution, etc. of additives, etc.)	188	43.0	Use of Azorubin, Amidated pectin, Carboxymethylcellulose, Quinoline yellow, Sunflower lecithin, Iodized salt, Potassium iodide, Sodium lauryl sulfate, TBHQ
Article 11 (Standards and criteria for foods and additives)	235	53.8	Violation of compositional standard, Non-compliance with manufacturing or processing standards, Violation of usage standards for additives ・ Violation of compositional standard: E.coli-positive of frozen food served after heating (other than those heated immediately before freezing) ・　Non-compliance with manufacturing standard: inadequate sterilization of soft drinks ・ Use of inhibited foods: use of ferrous gluconate in soft drinks ・ Use of excessive amounts: use of aceslufame potassium in syrup
Total	437 (Gross) 372(Real)

Table 14 - Cases of Import Consultations by County, Item and Violation details (FY 2012)

Country of Production	Item	Violation details	Cases
USA	Health foods	Sucralose(3), Propylene glycol(3), Polysorbate 80(3), Carboxymethylcellulose(2), Zinc oxide (2), Chromic chloride, Use of ketone in other than restriction on use, Zinc picolinate, Chromium picolinate, Ferrous bisglycinate chelate, Ferrous fumarate, Methylcobalamin, Potassium iodide, Copper sulfate	81
	Soft drinks	Potassium sorbate(16), Ester gum, Synthesized caffeine, Brominated vegetable oil, Zeolite, L-malic acid
	Ice cream	Carboxymethylcellulose(8), Calcium acetate
	Other foods	TBHQ(4), Sodium aluminium silicate(2), Zinc oxide, Sulfur dioxide, Sunflower lecithin
	Confectionery	Sodium aluminum phosphate (4), Magnesium Stearate, Polysorbate 60 , BHT
	Meat products	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard(2), Potassium lactate
	Material of health foods	Ethyl cellulose, L-arginine hydrochloride
	Powdered soft drinks	Magnesium citrate, Nitric acid
	Processed nuts and seeds products	Sunflower lecithin
	Syrup	Polysorbate
	Seasonings	Potassium sorbate
	Processed agricultural products	Sunflower lecithin
	Protein	Sucralose
	Frozen foods	Potassium sorbate
China	Confectionery	Potassium sorbate(9), Sodium benzoate(6), Iodized salt(4), Carminic acid aluminium lake, Sodium stearoyl lactylate, TBHQ	52
	Syrup	Ester gum (13)
	Health foods	Polyethylene glycol(3), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (2), Tributylamine, Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Polyvinyl alcohol
	Seasonings	Potassium sorbate, Sodium dehydroacetate, Sodium copper-chlorophyllin, EDTA, L-cysteine hydrochloride
	Processed nuts and seeds products	TBHQ
	Pickles	Sodium cyclamate
	Starch	Acetic anhydride
	Processed vegetable products	Potassium sorbate
South Korea	Confectionery	Polysorbate(5), Sodium lauryl sulfate(5), Sucralose, Use of material sourced from beef in the countries with incidents of BSE	32
	Health foods	Synthesis taurine, Zinc oxide, Magnesium stearate, Calcium carbonate, Sunflower lecithin, Sodium metasilicate, Potassium iodide
	Seasonings	Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate(3), Polysorbate 80(2), Potassium sorbate
	Soups	L-cysteine(2)
	Soft drinks	Inadequate sterilization, Non-compliance with manufacturing standard
	Gelatine capsule	Butanol, Propanol
	Processed agricultural products	Potassium sorbate
Italy	Confectionery	Sunflower lecithin(6)	31
	Frozen foods	Sorbic acid(4), Sunflower lecithin
	Soft drinks	Copper chlorophyll(3), Inadequate sterilization, Potassium sorbate
	Other foods	Sunflower lecithin(3), Potassium sorbate
	Cereal preparations	Iodine(3)
	Ice cream	Amidated pectin(2)
	Processed olive products	Sorbic acid, Potassium sorbate
	Cakes	Sorbic acid
	Yeast	Zinc sulfate
	Coffee beans	Dichloromethane
	Meat products	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard
Germany	Frozen foods	Lupin(7), Iodized salt(6), Acidic sodium aluminum phosphate(2), Calcium acetate, Copper chlorophyll, Sunflower lecithin, L-cysteine	30
	Confectionery	Quinoline yellow(4), Patent blue Ｖ(2), Lupin
	Soft drinks	Ferrous gluconate (2), Magnesium citrate
	Health foods	Magnesium citrate
France	Confectionery	Sunflower lecithin(5), Sorbic acid, Sodium copper chlorophyllin, Potassium iodide	22
	Health foods	Azorubin(2), Sodium selenite, Zinc oxide
	Liqueur	Sorbic acid(2), Quinoline yellow, Potassium sorbate
	Infant formula	Potassium iodate (3)
	Food additives	Carminic acid aluminium lake, Amidated pectin
	Fruits preparations	Azorubin
Philippine	Seasonings	Potassium sorbate(8), Sodium benzoate(5), Sorbic acid(2)	16
	Bottled foods	Potassium iodide
South Africa	Health foods	Selenium (4), Zinc amino acid chelate(2), Boron citrate, Manganese gluconate, Chromium polynicotinate, Choline bitartrate, Cysteine, Para-aminobenzoic Acid, Methylcobalamin, Molybdenum amino acid chelate, Potassium iodide	15
Taiwan	Other foods	Sodium aluminium silicate(2), Potassium sorbate(2), Sodium Aluminosilicate, Sodium stearoyl lactylate	14
	Substitutes for tea	Irradiation(4)
	Syrup	Acesulfame potassium (2)
	Health foods	Sucralose
	Processed agricultural products	Sodium benzoate
Spain	Cakes	Potassium bicarbonate (2), Azorubin, Amidated pectin	13
	Processed fruits products	Disodium 5' -guanylate(3)
	Health foods	Hexane, Use of material sourced from beef in the countries with incidents of BSE
	Meat products	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard, Natamycin
	Ice cream	Ammonium phosphatides
	Alcoholic drinks	Calcium carbonate
Thailand	Seasonings	Potassium sorbate(4), BHT(2)	12
	Powdered soft drinks	Sodium silicoaluminate, Sodium stearoyl lactylate
	Noodles	Titanium dioxide(2)
	Soft drinks	L-glutathione
	Frozen foods(vegetable)	E.coli
Belgium	Confectionery	Quinoline yellow(3), Azorubin(2), Carmine, Green S, Potassium aluminium silicate, Iron (Ⅱ/Ⅲ), Copper chlorophyll, Sunflower lecithin	12
	Syrup	Potassium sorbate
Turkey	Seasoning	Potassium sorbate(3), Benzoic acid(2)	11
	Confectionery	Potassium copper chlorophyllin(2), Azorubin
	Pickles	Benzoic acid(2)
	Soft drinks	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard
Malaysia	Retort food	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard(4), Sodium benzoate	11
	Fruit juice used as raw material	Potassium sorbate, Chlorine dioxide
	Other foods	Sodium benzoate, Methyl parahydroxybenzoate
	Health foods	Talc
	Soft drinks	Ester gum
Rumania	Confectionery	Sodium fatty acid(4), Potassium sorbate(4)	8
Czech Republic	Seasonings	Benzoic acid(3), Sorbic acid(2), EDTA(2)	7
Vietnam	Soft drinks	Potassium sorbate(2)	7
	Seasonings	Benzoic acid, Potassium sorbate
	Confectionery	Azorubin
	Coconut milk	Polysorbate 60
	Pickles	Benzoic acid
Australia	Powdered soft drinks	Silicon dioxide (fine)(3)	6
	Confectionery	Copper chlorophyll
	Cakes	TBHQ
	Processed grain products	TBHQ
Netherlands	Food product using milk constituent for major ingredient	Nisin (2), Calcium disodium polyphosphate	5
	Frozen foods	Amidated pectin(2)
India	Health foods	Hexan, Methanol	4
	Food additives	Lycopene（synthesized）
	Confectionery	Iodized salt
UK	Confectionery	Iron (Ⅱ/Ⅲ), β-Apo-8'-carotenal	4
	Protein	Zinc, Retinyl palmitate
Switzerland	Soft drinks	Sodium cyclamate, Potassium sorbate	4
	Milk drinks	Carmine
	Processed fruits products	Potassium sorbate
Chile	Health foods	Benzoic acid, Potassium sorbate, Propyl parahydroxybenzoate, Methyl parahydroxybenzoate	4
Poland	Confectionery	Carmine, Sorbic acid	4
	Soft drinks	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard(2)
Canada	Health foods	Use of material sourced from beef in the countries with incidents of BSE	3
	Meat products	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard
	Other foods	Potassium sorbate
Bangladesh	Health foods	Isopropanol, BHA, BHT	3
Fiji	Pufferfish	Deviation from the approved sea area and type(s) of pufferfish (3)	3
Brazil	Confectionery	Carboxymethylcellulose	3
	Meat products	Carmine
	Retort food	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate
Russia	Caviar	Sorbic acid	3
	Salmon roe	Benzoic acid, Sorbic acid
Israel	Soft drinks	Pantothenic acid	2
	Pickles	Azorubin
New Zealand	Syrup	Potassium sorbate	2
	Seasonings	Potassium sorbate
Hungary	Food additives	Dinitrogen monoxide	2
	Soft drinks	Glucuronolactone
Bulgaria	Soft drinks	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard(2)	2
Belarus	Confectionery	Iodized salt(2)	2
Peru	Health foods	Azorubin, Sodium laurate	2
Ukraine	Pickled fish and shellfish	Sodium benzoate	1
Colombia	Powdered soft drinks	Ethyl acetate	1
Denmark	Seasonings	Potassium sorbate	1
Hong Kong	Confectionery	BHA	1
Honduras	Confectionery	Potassium sorbate	1
Undetermined	Confectionery	Sodium stearoyl lactylate	1
Total			437

Table 15 - Imported Food Violations Detected IN Domestic Monitoring (FY 2012)

Country of Production	Item	Violation Details	Cases*
China	Immature kidney beans	Acetochlor, Cyromazine	6
	Immature peas	Chlorpyrifos
	Broccoli	Acetochlor
	Sliced chikuwa(fish pasete cooked in a bamboo-like shape)(frozen food)	Coliform bacteria
	Processed eel	Malachite green
South Korea	Cultured olive flounder	Kudoa septempunctata (3)	4
	Bloody clam (for raw consumption)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MPN)
Australia	Orange	Imazalil(2), Epoxiconazole	3
Taiwan	Edible flog	Flumequine, Chloramphenicol	2
Malaysia	Cracker	TBHQ	1
Russia	Chocolate	TBHQ	1
Total			17

(Reference) Description of Key Terms

Term	Description
Zinc amino acid chelate	Undesignated additive
Nitrous oxide	Additives (propellants)
Nitrite	Additives (coloring agent)
Acesulfame potassium	Additives (sweetener)
Acetochlor	Agricultural chemical (anilide herbicide)
Acephate	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Sodium selenite	Undesignated additive
Azorubine	Undesignated additive
Aflatoxin	Fungal toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus, etc.
Amidated pectin	Undesignated additive
Ametryn	Agricultural chemical (triazine herbicide)
Aldicarb sulfoxide	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Sodium aluminosilicate	Undesignated additive
Benzoic acid	Additives (preservative)
Sodium benzoate	Additives (preservative)
Ammonium phosphatides	Undesignated additive
Isopropanol	Additives (flavoring)
Genetic modification	Technology such as fragmentation of bacterial genes, followed by arrangement of the gene sequences or introducing the arranged genes into other organism’s genes.
Imazalil	Additives (antifungal agent)
Imidacloprid	Agricultural chemical (chloronicotinyl insecticide)
Indoxacarb	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Ester gum	Additives (chewing gum base)
Ethyl cellulose	Undesignated additive
Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate	Additives (antioxidant)
Ethoxyquin	Feed additives (antioxidant)
Epoxyconazole	Agricultural chemical (fungicide)
Chromic chloride	Undesignated additive
Benzalkonium chloride	Undesignated additive
Endosulfan	Agricultural chemical (organochlorine insecticide)
Enrofloxacin	Veterinary drug (new quinolone synthetic antibacterial agent)
Oxolinic acid	Veterinary drug (quinolone synthetic antibacterial agent)
Ofloxacin	Veterinary drug (synthetic antibacterial agent)
Carbaryl	Agricultural chemical (carbamate insecticide)
Carboxymethyl cellulose	Undesignated additive
Calmin	Undesignated additive
Carminic acid aluminum lake	Undesignated additive
Quinoline yellow	Undesignated additive
Dipotassium guanylate	Undesignated additive
Boron citrate	Undesignated additive
Magnesium citrate	Undesignated additive
Green S	Undesignated additive
Glyphosate	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous herbicide)
Glucuronolactone	Undesignated additive
Ferrous gluconate	Additives (color stabilizer)
Manganese gluconate	Undesignated additive
Clenbuterol	Veterinary drug (breeding agent)
Chromium polynicotinate	Undesignated additive
Chloramphenicol	Veterinary drug (chloramphenicol antibiotic)
Chlorpyriphos	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Chlorfenapyr	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Aluminum potassium silicate	Undesignated additive
Aluminum sodium silicate	Undesignated additive
Diarrhetic shellfish toxin	Shellfish toxin (mainly refers to toxins produced by a harmful plankton accumulated in clams, toxic clams cause diarrhetic poisoning)
Synthetic caffeine	Undesignated additive
Synthetic taurine	Undesignated additive
Cochineal extract	Additives (coloring agent)
Choline hydrogen tartrate	Undesignated additive
Cyclamic acid	Undesignated additive
Sodium cyclamate	Undesignated additive
Ethyl acetate	Additives (manufacturing agent)
Calcium acetate	Undesignated additive
Saccharin sodium	Additives (sweetener)
Zinc oxide	Undesignated additive
Acidic sodium aluminum phosphate	Undesignated additive
Cyanide	Harmful or poisonous compound (cyanide-related compounds (e.g., cyanogenic glycoside) ) found in vegetables such as some varieties of beans.
Diuron (DCMU)	Agricultural chemical (herbicide)
Dichlorvos	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Dichloromethane	Undesignated additive
Dicofol	Agricultural chemical (organochlorine insecticide)
Diniconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Difenoconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Diflubenzuron	Agricultural chemical (urea insecticide)
Cyproconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Cypermethrin	Agricultural chemical (pyrethroid insecticide)
Simeconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Choline bitartrate	Undesignated additive
Cyromazine	Agricultural chemical (heterocyclic insecticide)
Sucralose	Additives (sweetener)
Magnesium stearate	Additives (enhancer)
Sodium stearoyl lactylate	Additives (emulsifier)
Sulfamethoxazole	synthetic antibacterial agent (sulfa agent)
Zeolite	Additives (manufacturing agent)
Selenium	Undesignated additive
Sorbic acid	Additives (preservative)
Potassium sorbate	Additives (preservative)
Talc	Additives (manufacturing agent)
Calcium carbonate	Additives (enhancer)
Thiamethoxam	Agricultural chemical (neonicotinoid insecticide)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	Pathogenic microorganism (A bacterium living in seawater (estuaries, coastal areas, etc.) that commonly contaminates fish and shellfish, and causes abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, fever and vomiting.)
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ( E.coli ) O26, O157 etc.	Pathogenic microorganism (A bacterium that normally lives in the intestines of animals. It contaminates foods and drinking water by way of faces and urine, and causes acute abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea together with large amounts of fresh blood after early cold-like symptoms.)
Dieldrin	Agricultural chemical (organochlorine insecticide)
Tetraconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Tetracyclines antibiotics	Generic name of the antibiotics having a constant spectrum. i.e., oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and tetracycline etc.
Sodium dehydroacetate	Additives (preservative)
Tebuconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Potassium copper chlorophyllin	Undesignated additive
Sodium copper chlorophyllin	Additives (coloring agent)
Copper chlorophyll	Additives (coloring agent)
Triadimenol	Agricultural chemical (phenoxy fungicide)
Triazophos	Agricultural chemical (phenoxy insecticide)
Tributylamine	Undesignated additive
Trifluralin	Agricultural chemical (dinitroaniline insecticide)
Nisin	Additives (preservative)
Natamycin	Additives (used for food manufacturing)
Sulfur dioxide	Additives (antioxidant)
Silicon dioxide	Additives (manufacturing agent)
Titanium dioxide	Additives (coloring agent)
Nitrofurans	Term collectively refers to nitrofuran synthetic antimicrobial that is used as veterinary drug
Potassium lactate	Undesignated additive
Paclobutrazol	Agricultural chemical (triazole growth regulator)
Patent blue V	Undesignated additive
Para-aminobenzoic acid	Undesignated additive
Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate	Additives (preservative)
Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate	Additives (preservative)
Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate	Undesignated additive
Haloxyfop	Agricultural chemical (herbicide)
Zinc picolinate	Undesignated additive
Chromium picolinic acid	Undesignated additive
Ferrous bisglycinate chelate	Undesignated additive
Piperonyl butoxide	Agricultural chemical (heterocyclic synergist)
Sunflower lecithin	Undesignated additive
Pyrimethanil	Agricultural chemical (pyrimidine fungicide)
Silicon dioxide (fine)	Additives (manufacturing agent)
Fipronil	Agricultural chemical (heterocyclic insecticide)
Fenitrothion	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Fenamidone	Agricultural chemical (imidazoline fungicide)
Fenvalerate	Agricultural chemical (pyrethroid insecticide)
Butanol	Additives (flavoring)
Bupirimate	Agricultural chemical (fungicide)
Buprofezin	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Ferrous fumarate	Undesignated additive
Furazolidone	Veterinary drug (nitrofuran synthetic antibacterial agent) ; generates AOZ when metabolized
Fludioxonil	Agricultural chemical (antifungal agent)
Flusilazole	Agricultural chemical (heterocyclic fungicide)
Flutriafol	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Flumequine	Veterinary drug (synthetic antibacterial agent)
Flonicamid	Agricultural chemical (piridine carboxamide insecticide)
Propanol	Additives (flavoring)
Propargite	Agricultural chemical (diphenylether acaricide)
Propiconazole	Agricultural chemical (fungicide)
Propylene glycol	Additives (solvent)
Profenophos	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Prometryn	Agricultural chemical (triazine herbicide)
Hexachlorobenzene	Agricultural chemical (organochlorine insecticide)
Hexane	Additives (oil and fat extraction agent)
Bendiocarb	Agricultural chemical (carbamate, heterocyclic insecticide)
Boric acid	Undesignated additive
Phoxim	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Boscalid	Agricultural chemical (anilide fungicide)
Polyethylene glycol	Undesignated additive
Polysorbate	Additives (emulsifier)
Polyvinyl alcohol	Undesignated additive
Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone	Additives (manufacturing agent)
Calcium disodium polyphosphate	Undesignated additive
Paralytic shellfish poison	Shellfish poison (mainly refers to toxins produced by a harmful plankton accumulated in clams, toxic clams cause paralytic poisoning)
Malachite green	Veterinary drug (triphenylmethane synthetic antibacterial agent)
Malathion	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide, acaricide)
Acetic acid anhydride	Undesignated additive
Sodium metasilicate	Undesignated additive
Methanol	Undesignated additive
Methamidophos	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Metalaxyl	Agricultural chemical (anilide fungicide)
Methylcobalamin	Undesignated additive
Methoxyfenozide	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Metconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Mefenoxam	Agricultural chemical (anilide fungicide)
Monocrotophos	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Molybdenum amino acid chelate	Undesignated additive
Potassium iodide	Undesignated additive
Iodine	Undesignated additive
Iodized salt	Undesignated additive
Potassium iodate	Undesignated additive
Sodium laurate	Undesignated additive
Sodium lauryl sulfate	Undesignated additive
Synthetic lycopene	Additives (coloring agent)
Listeria monocytogenes	Pathogenic microorganism (A normal flora in the natural environment that contaminates milk products and processed meat products, and causes influenza-like symptoms including tiredness and fever)
Zinc sulfate	Additives (enhancer)
Copper sulfate	Additives (enhancer)
Sodium aluminum phosphate	Undesignated additive
Lufenuron	Agricultural chemical (benzoylphenyl urea insecticide)
Retinyl palmitate	Undesignated additive
2,4-D	Agricultural chemical (phenoxy acid herbicide)
Iron sesquioxide	Additives (coloring agent)
BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole)	Additives (antioxidant)
BHC	Agricultural chemical (organochlorine insecticide)
BHT (butylhydroxytoluene)	Additives (antioxidant)
BSE (bovin spongiform encephalopathy)	An indolent malignant central neurological disease in cattle that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain tissues and symptoms including astasia.
EPN	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Kudoa septempunctata	Kind of parasite that causes food poisoning. (Myxosporidia)
L-arginine hydrochloride	Undesignated additive
L-glutathione	Undesignated additive
L-cysteine	Undesignated additive
L-cysteine hydrochloride	Additives (enhancer)
L-malic acid	Undesignated additive
TBHQ	Undesignated additive
β-apo-8'-carotenal	Undesignated additive