The Japanese economy is now experiencing its most severe condition since the first oil crisis, and the labour market is undergoing significant changes. Against this backdrop, the keys to ensuring employment stability are balance and diversity. Firstly, it is important to have a balance between structural adjustments to the economy and societal and lifestyle stability. Of course, societal and lifestyle stability is not possible unless economic growth is fostered by structural change. However, if structural change becomes an end in itself and stability is neglected, peoples' lives may be disrupted. Secondly, there is a need for a balance between energy and fairness. The entrepreneurial spirit is essential to Japan's economic growth, and capable people need to be provided with the opportunity to make the most of their abilities and be rewarded accordingly. However, we must not ignore the fact that Japan's economic growth has been supported by many people, each faithfully fulfilling his or her role. Thirdly, a balance between short-term and long-term visions is necessary. Although it is improper to focus only on the short term and obstruct long-term structural adjustments, it is also improper to emphasize only long-term needs and overlook severe conditions in the present. Conversely, while it is important for companies to maintain short-term profitability, it is also necessary to take steps to develop human resources and improve company growth based on a long-term perspective. In establishing this balance and in achieving employment stability, it is also important to address diverse issues relating to the labour market and employment, which can vary widely according to age group, industry, job type, employment pattern, and other factors.