Foods, additives, apparatus, containers and packaging, and children’s toys (hereinafter referred to as "foods, etc.") imported by Japan in 2011 amounted to 33.4 million tons across 2.1 million import notifications. According to the "2011 Food Balance Sheet" published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the food self-sufficiency ratio in Japan is 40% (combined food self-sufficiency ratio by calorie intake), and 60% based on calorie intake is dependent on imports.

In order to ensure the safety of foods, etc., imported into Japan (hereinafter, "imported foods, etc."), the government established the imported food monitoring and guidance plan in 2010 (hereinafter, "the Plan"). The program is based on the Guidelines for Monitoring and Guidance for Food Sanitation (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Notification No. 301, 2003) as per the provisions of Article 23, paragraph 1 of the Food Sanitation Act (Act No. 233, 1947; hereinafter, "the Act"), and public comments were collected and risk communication carried out. The program was published in the Official Gazette as an official report according to the provisions of paragraph 3 of the same article, and monitoring and guidance for imported foods, etc., is being conducted based upon the Program.

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare will publish an overview of the implementation of the monitoring and guidance for imported foods, etc., including an overview of the implementation of monitoring and inspections carried out under the Plan, the implementation of inspections of imported foods, etc. inspected or ordered, and an overview of the results thereof, monitoring and guidance to importers and the results thereof, and consultations in exporting countries.

Examination of compliance with the Act was made, primarily with the standards and criteria for foods, etc. under the provisions of Article 11 (1) and Article 18 (1) of the Act (hereinafter, "standards and criteria"), and inspections were carried out as required at the time of importation, based on import notifications made under the provisions of Article 27 of the Act.

Looking at the notifications, inspections and violations made in 2011 (Table 1), there were 2,096,127 notifications, and the weight of notified items, was 33,407,240 tons. Inspections were carried out on 231,776 items (11.1%), of which 1,257 cases (running total 1,306 cases) were found to be in violation of the Act, and steps were taken for their re-shipment, disposal, etc. These accounted for 0.1% of the number of notifications.

Inspection numbers and inspection items to be carried out by quarantine stations were defined and inspections were planned for a total of 86,117 cases in FY 2011, considering previous importation data and violation rates for each food type, based on inspection numbers required to enable detection of violations to a statistically fixed degree of reliability.

With the implementation of the positive list system, the number of food sanitation inspectors has been increased from 383 to 393, and equipment for inspection of residual agricultural chemicals expanded. Additionally, the number of agricultural chemicals for inspection has been increased from 530 to 534 and the number of residual veterinary drugs from 152 to 160, based on the usage of agricultural chemicals overseas.

Checks on the implementation of monitoring inspections at every quarantine station have been carried out, and the Plan reviewed halfway through the monitoring period to enable inspections which conform to the realities of importation.

Looking at the Implementation of Monitoring Inspections for FY 2011 (Table 2), a total of 91,330 cases (actual number 49,799) were carried out compared to a total of 86,117 planned (an implementation rate of 106%), and of these, 156 cases (running total 159) were found to be in violation of the Act, and steps were taken for their recall, etc.

Inspections of the same food type are enhanced in response to the detection of violations of the Act during monitoring inspections, etc. (Table 3). Where multiple violations for residual agricultural chemicals or residual veterinary drugs are detected in foods from the same country, or for foods, etc. which are expected to have a high probability of violation of the Act, such foods, etc. will be subject to inspection upon each and every importation (Table 4). Foods in which aflatoxin or listeria is detected will be subject to immediate inspection (Table 5).

Subject countries and regions, subject foods, etc., and items for inspection have been defined, and inspection orders have been made under provisions of Article 26 of the Act for imported foods, etc. which have a high probability of violating the Act, to prevent harm to public health.

As of March 31st, 2012, 17 items from all exporting countries, and 79 items from 27 countries and 1 region were subject to inspection orders, and the record of inspection orders for FY 2011 (Table 6) shows 99,117 cases (running total 150,340) were implemented, of which 442 cases (running total 453) were found to be in violation of the Act and steps were taken for re-shipment or disposal, etc.

Breaking down 1,306 cases of violation by provision (Table 7), violations of Article 11 of the Act, which relates to microbial criteria, standards for residual agricultural chemicals, and standards for the use of additives in food, were most common at 768 cases (58.8% as a proportion of 1,306 violations), followed by violations of Article 6, which relates to contamination with hazardous or toxic substances such as aflatoxin, at 354 cases (27.1%), violations of Article 18, which relates to standards for apparatus or containers and packaging, at 82 cases (6.3%), violations of Article 10, which relates to the use of undesignated additives, at 79 cases (6.0%), and violations of Article 62 (mutatis mutandis application), which relates to standards for toys, at 18 cases (1.4%), and violations of Article 9, which relates to the hygiene certificates of meat, at 5 cases (0.4%).

Breaking down violations by inspection type, the most common were violations relating to microbial criteria in frozen foods, etc. (Table 8-1) at 230 cases (17.6% as a proportion of 1,306 violations), followed by violations relating to residual agricultural chemicals (Table 8-2) at 226 cases (17.3%), violations relating to hazardous or toxic substances or pathogenic microorganisms (Table 8-3) at 225 cases (17.2%), violations relating to undesignated additives used and additives in violations of usage standards (Table 8-4) at 208 cases (15.9%), violations relating to residual veterinary drugs (Table 8-5) at 133 cases (10.2%), violations relating to decay, deterioration and fungus formation (Table 8-6) at 129 cases (9.9%), violations relating to apparatus, containers and packaging (Table 8-7) at 82 cases (6.3%) and violations relating to criteria for toys (Table 8-8) at 18 cases (1.4%).

Breaking down violations relating to microbial criteria (Table 8-1) by country, the rankings were China with 79 cases (34.3% as a proportion of all 230 violations relating to microbial criteria), Vietnam with 35 cases (15.2%) and Thailand with 22 cases (9.6%). The principle products in violation in these cases were, for all countries, microbial criteria (bacterial count, coliform bacteria, E.coli) in frozen foods.

Breaking down violations relating to residual agricultural chemicals (Table 8-2) by country, the rankings were China with 47 cases (20.8% as a proportion of all 226 violations relating to residual agricultural chemicals), Ghana with 28 cases (12.4%) and Mexico with 23 cases (10.2%). The principle products in violation in these cases were asparaguses from China (ametryn), cacao beans from Ghana (imidacloprid) and avocados from Mexico (methamidophos).

Breaking down violations relating to hazardous and toxic substances or pathogenic microorganisms (Table 8-3) by country, the rankings were the USA with 73 cases (32.4% as a proportion of all 225 violations relating to hazardous and toxic substances or pathogenic microorganisms), China with 33 cases (14.7%) and Italy with 32 cases (14.2%). The principle products in violation in these cases were maize from the USA (contamination with aflatoxin), peanuts from China (contamination with aflatoxin) and uncooked meat products from Italy (contamination with Listeria monocytogenes).

Breaking down violations relating to additives (Table 8-4) by country, the rankings were China with 37 cases (17.8% as a proportion of all 208 violations relating to additives), the USA with 35 cases (16.8%), Philippines with 11 cases (5.3%) and France with 11 cases (5.3%). The principle products in violation in these cases were pickles from China (violation of standard of use (sweetener)) and syrup from the USA (violation of standard of use (preservative)) and confectioneries from France and Philippines (use of undesignated additives).

Breaking down violations relating to residual veterinary drugs (Table 8-5) by country, the rankings were Vietnam with 99 cases (74.4% as a proportion of all 133 violations relating to residual veterinary drugs), China with 22 cases (16.5%) and Thailand with 4 cases (3.0%). The principle products in violation in these cases were shrimps from Vietnam (enrofloxacin), chicken meats from China (furazolidone) and shrimps from Thailand (sulfa drug).

Breaking down violations relating to decay, deterioration and fungus formation (Table 8-6) by country, the rankings were the Thailand with 47 cases (36.4% as a proportion to all 129 violations relating to decay, deterioration and fungus formation), the USA with 37 cases (28.7%) and Canada with 27 cases (20.9%). The principle products in violation in these cases were rice from Thailand, wheat from the USA and rapeseed from Canada.

Breaking down violations relating to apparatus, packaging and containers (Table 8-7) by country, the rankings were China with 40 cases (48.8% as a proportion of all 82 violations relating to apparatus, packaging and containers), South Korea with 11 cases (13.4%) and the USA with 5 cases (6.1%). The principle materials in violation in these cases were synthetic resins, which accounted for 67 cases.

Breaking down violations relating to criteria for toys (Table 8-8) by country, the rankings were China with 17 cases (94.4% as a proportion of all 18 violations relating to criteria for toys) and Canada with 1 case (5.6%). The principle materials in violation in these cases were wheat clay (undesignated coloring matter), which accounted for 11 cases.

The monitoring system at the time of importation has been enhanced and an investigation into domestic distribution (Table 9) has been carried out regarding issues in FY 2011, including a voluntary recall of Butterbur in the UK that was suspected of hepatotoxicity, salmonella contamination of fresh papaya in Mexico and health foods in the USA, and the occurrence of health damages caused by products related to almond-stuffed olives, which were allegedly contaminated with botulin. The investigation was based on information on the overseas outbreaks of food poisoning and the recall of food products in violation of the Act that has been collected by the National Institute of Health Sciences and the Cabinet Office Food Safety Commission. Appropriate measures including recalls were ordered where there was a record of their import.

Further, on the matter of agricultural chemical poisoning due to frozen dumpling produced in China that occurred in January 2008, inspections for residual agricultural chemicals in processed food were carried out on a total of 9,621 samples throughout FY 2011, which resulted in no cases of violation.

In FY 2011, information on products in violation of the Act has been provided to the governments of exporting countries where the products are subject to enhanced inspection orders or monitoring inspections and further, requests have been made through bilateral consultations for investigations into the causes of violations and for taking measures to prevent the recurrence of such violations.

As part of this movement, when it was necessary to confirm the adequacy of sanitation measures during the production or processing stages in the exporting country, with regards to the issues of, for example, residual agricultural chemicals or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (hereinafter, “BSE”), specialists were dispatched to the exporting countries and on-site inspection of sanitation measures taken in the countries was also carried out (Table 10).

On-Site inspection for Philippine mangoes was carried out from March 13 to 16, 2012, in the Philippines to examine the system for the control of residual agricultural chemicals.

Regular on-site inspection for Canadian beef was carried out from August 30 to September 2, 2011, at beef production facilities in Canada authorized for export to Japan to verify the observance of the Japan export program.

In addition, regular on-site inspection for USA beef was carried out from November 6 to 19, 2011, at beef production facilities in the USA authorized for export to Japan to verify the observance of the Japan export program.

Specialists were dispatched to the USA to confirm the adequacy of the sanitation control systems for genetically modified products and meat as part of sanitation control training organized by the governments of exporting countries.

As a new preventative initiative, systematic information gathering and, where required, on-site inspections have been conducted in many exporting countries since FY 2009 and, for FY 2011, they were conducted in South Korea, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Taiwan regarding sanitation measures at the exporting countries. In addition, initiatives of the governments of exporting countries, producers, and manufacturers were investigated (Table 11).

[1] South Korea

As a follow-up to the investigation conducted last year, information was collected on the new food control system established as a result of the organizational change of the government’s responsible department (implemented in June 2011), and opinions were exchanged with them about sanitation control of seafood exports to Japan. Also, their seafood processing facilities were inspected. In addition, on-site inspection was carried out regarding the sanitation control of processed agricultural products registered under the Japanese Pre-Certification System for Imported Food, etc.

[2] Vietnam

As a follow-up to the investigation conducted last year, opinions were exchanged with the Vietnam Government’s responsible department not only about the situation after the enforcement of the Food Safety Law in July 2011 and establishment of the related guidelines but also about residual agricultural chemicals and veterinary drugs and the sanitation control for seafood exports to Japan. Further, inspections were carried out for aquaculture ponds, seafood processing facilities, and laboratories for analyzing residual agricultural chemicals to examine their control processes.

[3] The Philippines

On-site inspection was carried out for the organizations of food sanitation administration and their roles and cooperation with others and for safety control measures. Likewise, for food exports to Japan, on-site inspection was carried out regarding the Philippines government’s management of the use of agricultural chemicals in compliance with Japan’s standards for residual agricultural chemicals, measures to prevent contamination from pesticide drift, and the inspection of residual agricultural chemicals prior to export.

[4] Taiwan

Opinions were exchanged with the Taiwanese government’s responsible departments regarding sanitation control of food exports to Japan and monitoring of food products in Taiwan. Likewise, for seafood and agricultural food exports to Japan, on-site inspection was carried out regarding the control of residual agricultural chemicals and veterinary drugs. In addition, inspections were also carried out for the inspection system administered by the Taiwanese government.

In May 2010, both the Minister of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan and the Minister of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) of the People’s Republic of China signed a memorandum of understanding on the Japan-China Food Safety Promotion Initiative. As a result, the first ministerial meeting was held and working-level consultations and field studies were conducted. Both parties determined that bilateral exchange and cooperation should continue to be promoted in the field of safety for food exports and imports between two countries.

In FY2011, the second ministerial meeting was held in November (in China) and the second and third working-level consultations were held in July (in Japan) and November (in China), respectively. Following these meetings and consultations, field inspections were carried out in China.

The second ministerial meeting confirmed the results of the previous year’s action plan where the details of bilateral cooperation were specified, and agreed on an action plan set out for this year.

At the third working-level consultations, the Japanese side requested the Chinese side to take remedial measures for residual agricultural chemicals in Asparagus and Welsh onions and residual veterinary drugs in pork. For mycotoxins in peanuts, the Japanese side also requested them to take safety measures following explanations on Japanese criteria for Aflatoxin and on the resulting change of testing methods. The Chinese side requested the Japanese side to lift the order for testing chicken meat and to provide necessary information on Japanese brand foods that might be contaminated with radioactive materials. Following the consultations, field studies were conducted to inspect sanitation control systems in the processing facilities of frozen cooked spinach that a voluntary ban on the import has been lifted and/or in the peanut farm and peanut processing facilities.

More details on the results, etc., of the Japan-China Food Safety Promotion Initiative are posted at the following URLs.

https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/2r9852000001ukt5.html

https://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/yunyu/exporter/h231114-17.html

Article 8 and Article 17 of the Food Sanitation Act provide measures for the comprehensive banning of imports, as a method of enabling the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare to comprehensively ban the import or sale of specific foods from specific countries without requiring an inspection.

According to the "Guidelines for the Banning of the Sale or Import of Specific Foods, etc. under Article 8 (1) and Article 17 (1) of the Food Sanitation Act" (SHOKUHATSU No. 0906001 dated September 6th, 2002), before invoking measures for a comprehensive import ban on items that exceed a 5% violation rate in the latest 60 inspection orders, the status of sanitation controls is confirmed with the exporting country, and a request is made for improvements. However, in FY 2011, about avocado from Mexico (acephate and methamidophos) and cotton seed from Australia (aflatoxin), hygiene controls were confirmed and improvement measures are requested. No imported foods, etc. were subject to such measures in FY 2011.

Breaking this down by country (Table 14), the USA had the most cases at 73 (17.4% as a proportion of 419 violations), followed by France with 37 cases (8.8%) and Australia with 36 cases (8.6%). The order, when listed by type of violation, was: use of undesignated additives is health foods from the USA, use of undesignated additives is confectionery from France, and also use of preservative in other than target foods in other foods from Australia.

Where the import consultation determined a non-compliance with the Act, appropriate measures were taken to ensure compliance, and guidance given to suspend import until improvements were made. After improvements were made and documentation showing compliance with the Act provided, guidance was given as needed to carry out in advance checks such as inspections for fulfillment of standards and criteria for said foods, etc.

Details of violations including the names, addresses and imported foods, etc. of importers in violation of the Act were listed and published on the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare homepage, based on provisions of Article 63 of the Act, in order to clarify the food sanitation risk. Along with the names, etc. of parties in violation, measures taken to rectify matters, the cause of the violation, and method of disposal were also identified and published.

Imported foods, etc. which had already passed customs at the time they are identified as being in violation were promptly recalled with the cooperation of the relevant prefectural governments. Imported foods, etc. discovered to be in violation through domestic market inspections by prefectural governments (Table 15) led to enhanced inspections where required.

Table 1 – Notifications, Inspections, and Violations (FY 2011)

Notifications (cases)	Imported Weight (thousand tons)	Inspections*1 (cases)	Proportion*2 (%)	Violations (cases)	Proportion*2 (%)
2,096,127	33,407	231,776 (99,177)*3	11.1	1,257 (442)*3	0.1 (0.4)*3
(FY 2010) 2,001,020	31,802	247,047	12.3	1,376	0.1

Table 2 – Implementation of Monitoring Inspections (FY 2011)

Food Groups	Inspected Substances*1	Number Planned in FY*2	Actual Number	Violations
Livestock Foods Beef, pork, chicken, horse meat, other poultry meat, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	2,238	2223	1
	Residual agricultural chemicals	1,879	2,010	0
	Standards for constituents	716	765	0
	Irradiation	29	16	0
	SRM removal	-	4,367	0
Processed Livestock Foods Natural cheeses, processed meat products, ice cream, frozen (meat) products, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	2,152	2,316	0
	Residual agricultural chemicals	953	1,229	0
	Additives	1,156	1,398	0
	Standards for constituents	3,076	2,863	9
	Irradiation	5	0	0
Seafood products Bivalves, fish, shellfish (shrimps, prawns, crabs), etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	2,717	2,781	7
	Residual agricultural chemicals	2,003	2,491	0
	Additives	237	258	0
	Standards for constituents	720	944	0
	Irradiation	29	8	0
Processed seafood Processed fish products (fillet, dried or minced fish, etc.), Frozen food(seafood, fish), processed marine product eggs, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	4,149	4,559	7
	Residual agricultural chemicals	3,194	3,900	1
	Additives	1,876	2,301	4
	Standards for constituents	4,544	5,177	22
	Irradiation	5	6	0
Agricultural foods Vegetables, fruit, wheat, maize, pulses, peanuts, nuts, seeds, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	1,035	1,824	0
	Residual agricultural chemicals	11,674	13,062	40
	Additives	1,074	1,113	0
	Standards for constituents	1,303	1,497	0
	Mycotoxins	2,807	2,983	4
	Genetically modified food	363	370	0
	Irradiation	10	17	0
Processed agricultural food Frozen food(processed vegetables), processed vegetable products, processed fruit, seasonings, instant noodles, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	299	325	0
	Residual agricultural chemicals	11,203	10,216	17
	Additives	4,433	4,934	0
	Standards for constituents	1,794	2,084	11
	Mycotoxins	2,572	2,422	3
	Genetically modified food	119	75	1
	Irradiation	479	344	1
Other foods Health foods, soups, seasonings, Confectionery, cooking oil, frozen food, etc.	Antibacterial substances, etc.	-	8	0
	Residual agricultural chemicals	537	702	0
	Additives	3,046	2,990	7
	Standards for constituents	926	709	2
	Mycotoxins	717	837	0
	Irradiation	-	2	0
Beverages Mineral waters, soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, etc.	Residual agricultural chemicals	358	402	0
	Additives	956	1,223	0
	Standards for constituents	776	735	1
	Mycotoxins	118	113	0
Additives Apparatus, containers and packaging toys	Standards for constituents	2,840	2,731	18
Total (gross) 5,000 cases of the total cases planned for the FY were part of enhanced monitoring.		86,117	91,330 Implementation rate of 106%	156

Table 3 – Items Subject to Enhanced Monitoring Inspections in FY 2011 ^*1(As of March 31, 2012^*2)

Country/Region	Subject Food	Inspected Substances
China	Burdock roots	Aldicarb sulfoxide, Chlorpyrifos, Phoxim
	Processed eel (frozen products, products broiled with source, products broiled without source only)	Bacterial count, Coliform bacteria
	Shrimp	Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline
	Ginger	BHC, Chlorpyrifos
	Immature beans	Fenpropathrin, Buprofezin
	Welsh Onion	Tebufenozide, Fipronil
	Matsutake mashroom	Acetochlor, Chlorpyrifos
	Lychee	Imazalil, Diflubenzuron
	Persimmon leaf	Carbendazim, Thiophanate, Thiophanate-methyl and benomyl
	Processed short-necked clam products	Chloramphenicol
	Eel	Ivermectin
	Sea urchin (for raw consumption)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus *3
	Large peanuts	BHC
	Wood ears (Auricularia spp.)	Bifenthrin
	Processed black sesame seed products	Aflatoxin
	Sesame seeds	2,4-D
	Processed mackerel products	Malachite green
	Japanese white radish	Isoprocarb
	Chinese mitten crab	Furazolidone
	Chicken	Furaltadone
	Milk, dairy products, and processed foods containing those as an ingredient	Melamine
	Bivalve	Prometryn
	Carrot	Methamidophos
	Lotus Seeds	Aflatoxin
	Goby	Chloramphenicol
	Hatakena	Dimethomorph
	Broccoli	Haloxyfop
	Bayberry	4-Chlorophenoxyacetic
	Boiled octopus	Vibrio parahaemolyticus *4
	Cultured shrimp	Furazolidone
	Royal jelly	Chloramphenicol
	Allium Wakegi	Pyrimethanil
USA	Almond	2,4-D
	Strawberry	Propiconazole
	Small peanuts	Glyphosate
	Celery	Bifenthrin
	Parsley	Chlorpyrifos
	Mix spice	Aflatoxin
	Red currant	Propiconazole
	Lentil	2,4-D
South Korea	Green hot peppers	Difenoconazole, bitertanol
	Arch shell (for raw consumption)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus *3
	Constricted tagelus	Endosulfan
	Sea urchin (for raw consumption)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus *4
	Egoma (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens)	Lufenuron
	Tairagikai (Atrina pectinata) for raw consumption	Vibrio parahaemolyticus *3
	Tomato	Cyenopyrafen
	Cultured olive flounder	Kudoa septempunctata
India	Cowpea	Tebuconazole
	Dill seed	Triazophos
	Chili peppers	Ethion
	Black tea	Triazophos
	Chickpea	Glyphosate
Thailand	Shrimp	Oxytetracycline, Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine, Furazolidone
	Immature peas	Diniconazole, Difenoconazole, Fenbuconazole, Propiconazole
	Cultured shrimp	Oxolinic acid
	Frozen cut mango	Propiconazole
	Lemon grass	EPN
Taiwan	Green soybeans	Haloxyfop
	Banana	Acetamiprid
	Cultured eel	Furaltadone
Brazil	Beef	Ivermectin
	Wheat	Methamidophos
	Coffee bean	Flutriafol
Belgium	Chicory	Thiabendazole
	Spinach	Boscalid
	Leek	Difenoconazole
Italy	Processed almond products	Aflatoxin
	Mild rice	Pirimiphos-methyl
Australia	Mango	Fludioxonil
	Apple juice	Patulin
Netherlands	Radish	Boscalid
	Celeriac	Difenoconazole
France	Black currant	Flusilazole
	Lentil	Piperonyl butoxide
Indonesia	Cultured shrimp	Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline, Nitrofurantoine, Furazolidone
	Shrimp	Enrofloxacin
Ethiopia	Coffee bean	DDT, Chlordane, Heptachlor
Ghana	Cacao bean	Endosulfan, Chlorpyrifos, Pirimiphos-methyl
Bolivia	Sesame seed	Aflatoxin, Chlorpyrifos, Thiamethoxam
Vietnam	Spinach	Chlorpyrifos, Dimethomorph
Venezuela	Cacao bean	Aflatoxin, Cypermethrin
Ukraine	Chicken egg	Furazolidone
Guatemala	Coffee bean	2,4-D
Sudan	Sesame seeds	Carbaryl
Spain	Confectionery	Aflatoxin
Chile	Salmon and trout	Oxytetracycline
Germany	Mix spice	Aflatoxin
Nigeria	Cola nut	BHC
Nepal	Cumin seeds	Profenofos
Pakistan	Cumin seeds	Iprobenfos
Paraguay	Sesame seeds	Imidacloprid
Bangladesh	Peanuts products	Aflatoxin
Philippines	Boiled octopus	Vibrio parahaemolyticus *3
Bulgaria	Raspberry leaf	Flusilazole
Malaysia	Shrimp	Enrofloxacin
Myanmar	Turmeric	Aflatoxin
Mexico	Chicken	Lasalocid

Table 4 – Items Transferred to Inspection Order after Enhanced Monitoring Inspections in FY 2011

Country/Region	Subject Food	Inspected Substances
China	Wood ears (Auricularia spp.)	Chlorpyrifos
	Eel	Furazolidone
	Tokobushi abalone (Sulculus diversicolor supertexta)	Furazolidone
Mexico	Avocado	Methamidophos
	Guava	Cypermethrin
India	Cultured shrimp	Furazolidone
South Korea	Eel	Ofloxacin
Taiwan	Eel	Furazolidone
Vietnam	Shrimp	Enrofloxacin

Table 5 – Items Immediately transferred to Inspection Order in FY 2011

Country/Region	Subject Item	Inspected Substances
South Korea	Green pepper	Simeconazole*
	Bloody clam for raw consumption (limited to manufactures)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus
	Pen shell for raw consumption (limited to manufacturers)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Italy	Gorgonzola cheese	Listeria monocytogenes
	Uncooked meat products (limited to manufactures)	Listeria monocytogenes
China	Foods (limited to manufactures)	Cyclamic acid
	White pepper	Aflatoxin
Iran	Pistachio nut products	Aflatoxin
Spain	Uncooked meat products (limited to manufactures)	Listeria monocytogenes
Taiwan	Foods (limited to manufactures)	Cyclamic acid
France	Natural cheese	Listeria monocytogenes
Vietnam	Foods (limited to manufactures)	Cyclamic acid

Table 6 – Major Items subject to Inspection Orders and Inspection Outcomes (FY 2011)

Country/Region	Major subject foods	Major Inspected Substances	Inspections	Violations
All Exporting Countries (17 items)	Peanuts, nuts, chili pepper, etc.	Aflatoxin	10,792	79
	Beans containing cyanide, cassava	Cyanide	513	12
	Salted salmon roe	Nitrite	354	2
	Puffer fish	Differentiations of fish species	3	1
	Foods containing ammonium carbonate	Melamine	1	0
China (28 items)	Chicken, Pork, Eel, Mackerel, Shrimp, Soft-shelled turtle, etc.	Nitrofurans, Malachite Green, Clenbuterol, Tetracycline antibiotic, Enrofloxacine, etc.	46,071	18
	Vegetables, Nuts, Fish, etc. (carrot, welsh onion, spinach, peanuts, pike eel, etc.)	Ardicarb sulfoxide, Triadimenol, Acephate, Chlorpyrifos, tebufenozide, etc.	28,164	27
	Bivalves	Paralytic shellfish poison, Diarrhetic shellfish toxin	7,425	3
	All processed foods	Cyclamic acid	943	4
	Lotus seeds, White pepper	Aflatoxin	6	0
South Korea (10 items)	Bivalves	Paralytic shellfish poison, Diarrhetic shellfish toxin	514	3
	Constricted tagelus, Mini tomato, Paprika, Red pepper, etc.	Endosulfan, Fluquinconazole, Chlorpyrifos, etc.	145	1
	Live eel	Oxolinic acid, Ofloxacin	4	0
	Tairagigai (Atrina pectinata) for raw consumption	Vibrio parahaemolyticus	1	0
Thailand (10 items)	Vegetables, Fruit (green asparagus, okra, kaffir lime leaves, galangal, lemon grass, mango, etc.)	EPN, Chlorpyrifos, Profenofos, Propiconazole, Cypermethrin, Imazalil, etc.	1,502	4
Italy (7 items)	Uncooked meat products, Natural cheese	Enterohemorrhagic E.coli O26, Listeria monocytogenes	868	16
	Pistachio nut product	Aflatoxin	79	2
India (6 items)	Cassia seeds, Turmeric	Aflatoxin	386	9
	Cultured shrimp	Furazolidone	136	0
	Cumin seed, Mango, Red pepper, etc.	Profenofos, Chlorpyrifos, Triazophos, etc.	100	5
Vietnam (6 items)	Shrimp, Squid	Chloramphenicol, Furazolidone, Enrofloxacin	26,542	97
	Shrimp, Spinach	Trifluralin, Indoxacarb	8,502	16
	All processed foods	Cyclamic acid	66	0
Taiwan (6 items)	Cultured eel	Nitrofurans	3,093	0
	Cultured eel, Carrot	Fenitrothion, Methamidophos, Acephate	2,228	11
	All processed foods	Cyclamic acid	59	1
Other (21 countries ; total 33 items)			11,843	142
Total			150,340	453

Table 7 – Violations by Legal Provision (FY 2011)

Provision violated	Violations (cases)	Proportion(%)	Brief details of Violation
Article 6 (Foods and additives prohibited to distribute)	354	27.1	Aflatoxin contamination in maize, peanuts, cassia seeds, Job's tears, nutmeg, dried fig, cottonseed, etc.; poisonous fish contamination; detection of diarrhetic shellfish toxin; detection of cyanide; detection of Listeria monocytogenes from uncooked meat products, etc.; and decay, deterioration and fungus formation due to accidents during the transport of rice, wheat, rapeseed, soybeans, etc.
Article 9 (Limitation on distribution, etc. of diseased meat, etc.)	5	0.4	No hygiene certificate attached
Article 10 (Limitation of distribution, etc. of additives, etc.)	79	6.0	Use of unspecified additives such as TBHQ, cyclamic acid, azorubin, potassium sodium tartrate, Quinoline Yellow, Brilliant black BN, Xylene yellow, Iodized salt, Carbon monoxide, Patent blue V, P-hydroxy benzoic acid methyl, etc.
Article 11 (Standards and criteria for foods and additives)	768	58.8	Violation of standards for constituents for vegetables or frozen vegetables (violation of standards on residual agricultural chemicals), violation of standards for constituents for marine products and processed products thereof (violation of standards on residual veterinary drugs, violation of standards on residual agricultural chemicals), violation of standards for constituents for other processed foods (Coliform bacteria test, etc.), violation of standards on use of additives (sulfur dioxide, polysorbate, sorbic acid, etc.), and violation of standards for constituents for additives.
Article 18 (Standards and criteria for apparatus, containers and packaging)	82	6.3	Violation of criteria for apparatus, containers and packaging Violation of materials criteria for raw materials
Article 62 (Mutatis mutandis application for toys, etc.)	18	1.4	Violations of criteria for toys or their raw materials
Total	1,306(Gross)*1 1,257(Real)*2

Table 8-1 – Violations by Country, Item and Violation details for Microbial Criteria (FY 2011)

Country of production	Item category	Violation details	Cases*
China	Frozen food (fish)	Bacterial count(10) , Coliform bacteria(7) , E.coli (2)	79
	Frozen food (vegetable)	E.coli (8) , Bacterial count(5) , Coliform bacteria(3)
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Bacterial count(4) , Coliform bacteria(2) , E.coli
	Fish paste products	Coliform bacteria(6)
	Heat processed meat products	Coliform bacteria(4) , E.coli
	Frozen food (marine animals)	Bacterial count(4)
	Hermetically packaged, Pressure and heat sterilized food products	Possible microbes(4)
	Frozen food (squid)	Bacterial count(4)
	Frozen food (shrimp)	Bacterial count(2) , E.coli
	Frozen food (animal product)	Bacterial count(2) , E.coli
	Frozen food (shellfish)	Bacterial count(2) , Coliform bacteria
	Boiled octopus	Coliform bacteria(3)
	Fish and shellfish for raw consumption	Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MPN)
	Boiled crab	Bacterial count
Vietnam	Frozen food (fish)	Coliform bacteria(11) , Bacterial count(4)	35
	Frozen food (shrimp)	E.coli (3) , Bacterial count(3) , Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Coliform bacteria(4)
	Frozen food (squid)	Bacterial count(2) , Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (fruit)	Coliform bacteria(3)
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Coliform bacteria
	Boiled octopus	Bacterial count
	Frozen food (shellfish)	Bacterial count
Thailand	Frozen food (shrimp)	Coliform bacteria(5) , Bacterial count(3) , E.coli	22
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Bacterial count(2) , Coliform bacteria(2)
	Frozen food (fruit)	Bacterial count, Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (animal product)	Coliform bacteria(2)
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Coliform bacteria(2)
	Fish paste products	Coliform bacteria
	Soft drinks	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (squid)	Coliform bacteria
South Korea	Frozen food (fish)	Bacterial count (3) , Coliform bacteria (3)	15
	Chilled arch shell for raw consumption	Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MPN) (2)
	Chilled fan-mussel shell for raw consumption	Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MPN) (2)
	Boiled crab	Coliform bacteria
	Hermetically packaged, Pressure and heat sterilized food products	Possible microbes
	Frozen food (shellfish)	Bacterial count
	Frozen food (marine animals)	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (other processed products)	E.coli
France	Butter	Coliform bacteria (5)	11
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Bacterial count, Coliform bacteria
	Ice cream	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (fruit)	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (animal product)	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Bacterial count
Indonesia	Frozen food (shrimp)	Coliform bacteria (2), Bacterial count	9
	Boiled octopus	Bacterial count, Coliform bacteria
	Powdered soft drinks	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (fish)	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (marine animals)	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Bacterial count
Philippines	Frozen food (fish)	Coliform bacteria (3), Bacterial count	9
	Frozen food (fruit)	Coliform bacteria (2)
	Ice cream	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (animal product)	E.coli
Taiwan	Frozen food (fish)	Coliform bacteria (2)	8
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Bacterial count, Coliform bacteria
	Flavoured Ice	Coliform bacteria
	Powdered soft drinks	Coliform bacteria
	Frozen food (fruit)	Bacterial count
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Bacterial count
Italy	Frozen food (other processed products)	Coliform bacteria (2) , Bacterial count	7
	Uncooked meat products	Staphylococcus aureus (2)
	Ice cream	Coliform bacteria
	Butter	Coliform bacteria
Chile	Frozen food (fish)	Coliform bacteria (4)	5
	Frozen food (shellfish)	Coliform bacteria
USA	Ice cream	Coliform bacteria (2)	5
	Soft drinks	Coliform bacteria (2)
	Frozen food (vegetable)	E.coli
Australia	Frozen food (fruit)	E.coli, Bacterial count	4
	Powdered soft drinks	Bacterial count
	Frozen food (marine animals)	Coliform bacteria
India	Powdered soft drinks	Bacterial count	3
	Frozen food (marine animals)	E.coli
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Bacterial count
Spain	Ice cream	Coliform bacteria (2)	3
	Soft drinks	Coliform bacteria
Sri Lanka	Frozen food (fish)	Bacterial count, Coliform bacteria	2
Peru	Frozen food (fruit)	Coliform bacteria	2
	Frozen food (vegetable)	Bacterial count
Malaysia	Powdered soft drinks	Coliform bacteria	2
	Frozen food (other processed products)	Bacterial count
Canada	Frozen food (fish)	Coliform bacteria	1
Singapore	Hermetically packaged, Pressure and heat sterilized food products	Possible microbes	1
Sweden	Frozen food (fish)	Bacterial count	1
New Zealand	Frozen food (vegetable)	Coliform bacteria	1
Norway	Frozen food (fish)	Coliform bacteria	1
Hungary	Heat processed meat products	E.coli	1
Myanmar	Frozen food (squid)	Coliform bacteria	1
Luxembourg	Frozen food (other processed products)	Coliform bacteria	1
Russia	Frozen food (marine animals)	Bacterial count	1
Total			230

Table 8-2 – Violations by Country, Item and Violation details for residual agricultural chemicals (FY 2011)

Country of Production (Total of violations)	Item Category	Violation Details		Cases*1
		Standard Value	Uniformity Standard
China	Asparagus		Ametryn (6)	47
	Bell pepper		Difenoconazole (5)
	Welsh onion	Fipronil	Aldicarb sulfoxide (4)
	Short-necked clam		Prometryn (4)
	Wood ear mushroom	Chlorpyrifos (3)	Chlorfenapyr
	Large peanuts		Acetochlor (3)
	Burdock roots	Chlorpyrifos, Phoxim	Aldicarb sulfoxide
	Carrot	Triadimenol (2)	Acephate
	Ginger	Chlorpryifos	BHC
	Pike eel	Trifluralin (2)
	Matsutake mushroom		Acetochlor (2)
	Oolong tea	Triazophos
	Japanese mustard spinach		Indoxacarb
	Garlic stalk		Pyrimethanil
	Hatakena	Dimethomorph
	Paprika		Pyrimethanil
	Bayberry	4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid
	Radish		Isoprocarb (MIPC)
	Lychee	Diflubenzuron
Ghana	Cacao bean	Imidacloprid (16)	Fenvalerate (10), 2, 4-D, Thiamethoxam	28
Mexico	Avocado	Methamidophos (11)	Acephate (11)	23
	Guava	Cypermethrin
Venezuela	Cacao bean	Cypermethrin	2, 4-D (20)	21
Ecuador	Cacao bean	Diuron (2)	2, 4-D (16)	18
Vietnam	Shrimp	Trifluralin (16)		18
	Spinach	Chlorpryifos	Dimethomorph
Taiwan	Eel	Fenitrothion (9)		13
	Carrot	Methamidophos	Acephate
	Green soybeans		Haloxyfop
	Banana		Acetamiprid
USA	Celery		Fenamidone (2), Bifenthrin	11
	Lentil	2, 4-D (2)
	Almond	2, 4-D
	Strawberry	Propiconazole
	Red current	Propiconazole
	Cumin	Profenofos
	Small peanuts	Glyphosate
	Raspberry leaf		Flusilazole
India	Red pepper	Triazophos (2), Etion		10
	Cumin	Profenofos (2)
	Chickpea	Glyphosate
	Cowpea		Tebuconazole
	Dill seeds	Triazophos
	Fermented tea	Triazophos
South Korea	Green hot pepper	Bitertanol	Simeconazole (2), Difenoconazole	8
	Perilla		Lufenuron
	Fresh water clam	Endosulfan
	Tomato		Cyenopyrafen
Thailand	Kaffir lime leaves	Profenofos (2)		6
	Feverweed	Chlorpyrifos
	Immature peas		Fenbuconazole
	Cassod tree leaf		Buprofezin
	Pandanus palm leaf	Chlorpyrifos
Australia	Mango		Fludioxonil (3)	3
Italy	Milled rice	Pirimiphos methyl		2
	Parsley		Difenoconazole
Indonesia	Coffee bean		Carbaryl (2)	2
Pakistan	Cumin		Iprobenfos (2)	2
Brazil	Coffee bean		Flutriafol (2)	2
Belgium	Chicory	Thiabendazole		2
	Spinach		Boscalid
Bolivia	Sesame seed	Chlorpyrifos	Thiamethoxam	2
Netherlands	Radish		Boscalid	1
Canada	Kidney bean	Glyphosate		1
Guatemala	Coffee bean		2, 4-D	1
Nigeria	Cola nut		BHC	1
Nepal	Cumin	Profenofos		1
France	Lentil	Piperonil butoxide		1
Peru	Quinoa	Methamidophos		1
Myanmar	Sesame seed		Imidacloprid	1
Total				226

　

Table 8-3 – Violations by Country, Item and Violation details for Hazardous and Toxic substances and pathogenic microorganisms (FY 2011)

Country of Production	Item Category	Violation Details	Cases*
USA	Maize	Aflatoxin (53)	73
	Peanut	Aflatoxin (10)
	Pistachio nut	Aflatoxin (3)
	Dried fig	Aflatoxin (2)
	Almond	Aflatoxin
	Walnut	Aflatoxin
	Nutmeg	Aflatoxin
	Mixed nut	Aflatoxin
	Mixed spice	Aflatoxin
China	Peanut	Aflatoxin (17)	33
	Job's tears	Aflatoxin (3)
	Puffer fish	Differentiations of fish species (3)
	Short-necked clam	Diarrhetic shellfish toxin (2)
	Red pepper	Aflatoxin (2)
	Bean paste	Cyanide
	Fried oyster	Diarrhetic shellfish toxin
	Confectionery	Aflatoxin
	Black sesame preparation	Aflatoxin
	Chocolate	Aflatoxin
	Pepper	Aflatoxin
Italy	Uncooked meat products	Listeria monocytogenes (22)	32
	Confectionery	Cyanide (5)
	Pistachio nut	Aflatoxin (3)
	Natural cheese	Enterohemorrhagic E.coli O26, Listeria monocytogenes
India	Cassia seed	Aflatoxin (10)	22
	Peanut	Aflatoxin (8)
	Nutmeg	Aflatoxin (2)
	Fried confectionery	Aflatoxin
	Red pepper	Aflatoxin
Spain	Uncooked meat products	Listeria monocytogenes (10)	12
	Confectionery	Aflatoxin (2)
Vietnam	Cassava	Aflatoxin (3)	6
	Job's tears	Aflatoxin (2)
	Peanut	Aflatoxin
Australia	Cotton seed	Aflatoxin (5)	5
Thailand	Job's tears	Aflatoxin (4)	4
France	Vegetable oil	Aflatoxin (2)	4
	Fruit brandy	Methanol (2)
South Africa	Peanut	Aflatoxin (4)	4
Iran	Dried fig	Aflatoxin (3)	3
South Korea	Oyster	Diarrhetic shellfish toxin (3)	3
Sri Lanka	Nutmeg	Aflatoxin (2)	3
	Brazil nut	Aflatoxin
Indonesia	Nutmeg	Aflatoxin (2)	2
Canada	Flax seed	Cyanide	2
	Wheat	Iron piece contamination
Ghana	Cassava	Cyanide (2)	2
Germany	Confectionery	Cyanide	2
	Mixed spice	Aflatoxin
Nigeria	Sesame seed	Aflatoxin (2)	2
Philippines	Cassava	Cyanide (2)	2
Peru	Brazil nut	Aflatoxin (2)	2
Singapore	Pistachio nut	Aflatoxin	1
Tunisia	Mixed spice	Aflatoxin	1
Turkey	Dried fig	Aflatoxin	1
Bangladesh	Peanut	Aflatoxin	1
Brazil	Cassava	Cyanide	1
Malaysia	Peanut	Aflatoxin	1
Mexico	Red pepper	Aflatoxin	1
Total			225

Table 8-4 - Violations by Country, Item and Violation Details for Additives (FY 2011)

Country of Production	Item Category	Violation Details	Cases*
China	Pickles (vegetable）	Sucralose (2), Benzoic acid, Cyclamic acid, Sodium saccharin, Sorbic acid	37
	Salted vegetable	Sulfur dioxide (3)
	Dried vegetable	Sulfur dioxide (3)
	Boiled beans	Cyclamic acid (3)
	Vegetable preparation	TBHQ, Cyclamic acid, Sulfur dioxide
	Dried mashroom	Sulfur dioxide (2)
	Cherry-blossom leaf, Oak leaf, Bamboo leaf, etc.	Sulfur dioxide (2)
	Seasonings	TBHQ, Potassium sorbate
	Potato powder	Sulfur dioxide
	Cooked meat product	Nitrite
	Health foods	Cyclamic acid
	Fruit in syrup	Sulfur dioxide
	Seasoned marine animal product (squid）	Cyclamic acid
	Seasoned dried product (squid）	Cyclamic acid
	Processed agricultural product	Sulfur dioxide
	Biscuit	TBHQ
	Unseasoned dried product (shrimp）	Sulfur dioxide
	Frozen shrimp (fillet / peeled）	Sulfur dioxide
	Frozen crab (fillet / peeled）	Sulfur dioxide
	Frozen fish fillet	Carbon monoxide
	Frozen food (marine animals）	Sulfur dioxide
USA	Syrup	Benzoic acid (11), Polysorbate	35
	Confectioney	TBHQ (2), Benzoic acid
	Dried fruit	Sulfur dioxide (2), Sorbic acid
	Seasonings	TBHQ (3)
	Soft drinks	Benzoic acid, Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate
	Chocolate	TBHQ (2)
	Orange	Imazalil
	Fruit liquor	Sorbic acid
	Candy	Acesulfame potassium
	Grain preparation	TBHQ
	Salted salmon roe	Nitrite
	Snack food	TBHQ
	Natural cheese	Sorbic acid
	Fermented tea	Propylene glycol
	Biscuit	TBHQ
	Mustard preparation	Polysorbate
Philippines	Snack food	TBHQ (2)	11
	Biscuit	TBHQ (2)
	Boiled octopus	Sulfur dioxide (2)
	Dried fruit	Sulfur dioxide
	Seed preparation	Sulfur dioxide
	Processed aquatic animal	Sulfur dioxide
	Seasonings	Sulfur dioxide
	Frozen food (other processed product)	TBHQ
France	Confectioney	Brilliand black BN (2), Azorubin	11
	Candy	Sunflower lecithin (3)
	Liqueur	Azorubin, Xylene yellow, Patent blue V
	Chocolate	Sodium copper chlorophyllin
	Frozen food (processed agricultural product）	Propionic acid
Italy	Confectioney	Sorbic acid (4), Acid blue	9
	Chocolate	Azorubin, Quinoline yellow
	Syrup	Azorubin
	Pickles (fruit）	Ferrous gluconate
Spain	Pickles (fruit）	Benzoic acid (3), Ferrous gluconate (2)	9
	Natural cheese	Natamycin (Pimaricin) (2)
	Health foods	TBHQ
	Fruit vinegar	Sulfur dioxide
Taiwan	Salted vegetable	Sulfur dioxide (2)	9
	Roasted peanuts	Cyclamic acid
	Vegetable oil	TBHQ
	Snack food	TBHQ
	Tapioca starch (except one for saccharification)	Sulfur dioxide
	Pickles (fruit）	Cyclamic acid
	Biscuit	Benzoic acid
	Other foods	Cyclamic acid
Belgium	Jam	Potassium sodium tartrate (3)	9
	Chocolate	Sorbic acid (2)
	Marmalade	Potassium sodium tartrate
	Syrup	Sulfur dioxide
	Other foods	Azorubin, Copper chlorophyll
South Korea	Frozen food (marine animals)	Polysorbate (3)	8
	Frozen food (other processed product)	Polysorbate (3)
	Processed roe	Polysorbate
	Vegetable preparation	Sorbic acid
Brazil	Snack food	TBHQ (3)	8
	Instant noodle	TBHQ (2)
	Seasonings	Benzoic acid (2)
	Soups / Stews	Polysorbate
Canada	Frozen food (vegetable)	Polysorbate (4)	6
	Frozen food (shrimp)	Polysorbate
	Frozen food (bivalve)	Polysorbate
Thailand	Dried vegetable	Sulfur dioxide (2)	6
	Fruit preparation	Sulfur dioxide
	Noodle	Sulfur dioxide
	Soft drinks	Azorubin
	Frozen food (other processed product)	Benzoic acid
Vietnam	Dried noodle	Benzoic acid (2)	6
	Coffee product	Cyclamic acid
	Boiled (octopus）	Sulfur dioxide
	Unseasoned dried product (fish）	Sulfur dioxide
	Frozen shrimp (fillet / peeled）	Sulfur dioxide
India	Fruit preparation	Benzoic acid	5
	Health foods	Hexane
	Snack food	TBHQ
	Coloring formulation	Azorubin
	Spice	Iodized salt
Indonesia	Dried noodle	Sulfur dioxide (2)	5
	Confectioney	TBHQ
	Vegetable oil	THBQ
	Syrup	Azorubin
Austria	Chocolate	Azorubin (3)	5
	Confectioney	Sorbic acid
	Liqueur	Quinoline yellow
Peru	Health foods	Propyl parahydroxybenzoate, Methyl parahydroxybenzoate	4
	Powdered Soft drinks	Azorubin
	Pickles (fruit）	Benzoic acid
Malaysia	Chocolate	TBHQ, Diluted benzoyl peroxide	4
	Soft drinks	Sorbic acid
	Snack food	TBHQ
Denmark	Chocolate	Sorbic acid, Sunflower lecithin	3
	Salted salmon roe	Nitrite
Turkey	Dried fruit	Sulfur dioxide (3)	3
New Zealand	Fruit preparation	Peroxyacetic acid (2)	2
South Africa	Seasonings	TBHQ (2)	2
UK	Marmalade	Sorbic acid	1
Israel	Syrup	Quinoline yellow	1
Ecuador	Frozen shrimp	Sulfur dioxide	1
Australia	Syrup	Polysorbate	1
Greece	Biscuit	Sorbic acid	1
Sri Lanka	Fermented tea	Propylene glycol	1
Chile	Boiled (bivalve)	Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate	1
Japan	Konnyaku potato powder	Sulfur dioxide	1
Pakistan	Seasonings	Sulfur dioxide	1
Hong Kong	Unseasoned dried product (marine animals)	Sulfur dioxide	1
Mexico	Vegetable oil	TBHQ	1
Total			208

Table 8-5 – Violations by Country, Item and Violation details for Residual Veterinary Drugs (FY 2011)

Country of Production	Item Category	Violation details			Cases*
		Excess of standard values	Do not contain	Non-detectable
Vietnam	Shrimp		Enrofloxacin (82)	Chloramphenicol (7), Furazolidone (as AOZ) (5)	99
	Squid			Chloramphenicol (5)
China	Chicken			Furazolidone (as AOZ) (7), Furaltadone (as AMOZ)	22
	Shrimp		Sulfamethoxazole (4), Chlortetracycline (2)
	Eel		Enrofloxacin	Furazolidone (as AOZ), Malachite green, Leucomalachite green
	Tokobushi abalone (Sulculus diversicolor supertexta)			Furazolidone (as AOZ) (2)
	Goby			Chloramphenicol
	Pork		Clenbuterol
Thailand	Shrimp	Oxytetracycline	Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine	Furazolidone (as AOZ)	4
India	Shrimp			Furazolidone (as AOZ) (3)	3
South Korea	Eel		Ofloxacin (2)		2
Ukraine	Chicken egg			Furazolidone (as AOZ)	1
Taiwan	Eel			Furazolidone (as AOZ)	1
Mexico	Chicken	Lasalocid			1
Total					133

Table 8-6 – Violations by Country, Item for Decay, Deterioration and Fungus Formation (FY 2011)

Country of Production	Item Category	Cases*
Thailand	Rice (47)	47
USA	Wheat (25)	37
	Rice (10)
	Soybean (2)
Canada	Wheat (12)	27
	Rapeseed (12)
	Barley
	Soybean
	Mustard
Brazil	Soybean (6)	6
Australia	Wheat (4)	5
	Brown rice
Italy	Rice (2)	2
India	Tea substitute	1
El Salvador	Coffee bean	1
Cambodia	Onion	1
Paraguay	Sesame seed	1
Bolivia	Sesame seed	1
Total		129

Table 8-7 – Violations by Country and Material for Apparatus, Containers and Packaging (FY 2011)

Country of Production	Material type	Violation Details	Cases*
China	Synthetic resins	Evaporation residue (19), Lead (4), Caprolactam (2), Potassium permanganate consumption (2), Cadmium, Dibutyltin compounds	40
	Ceramics	Lead (6)
	Glass	Cadmium, Lead
	Combination	Potassium permanganate consumption (2)
	Bamboo	Coloring agent
South Korea	Synthetic resins	Evaporation residue (5), Lead (2), Cadmium, Potassium permanganate consumption	11
	Combination	Evaporation residue
	Rubber	Zinc
USA	Synthetic resins	Caprolactam, Evaporation residue	5
	Rubber	Zinc, Cadmium
	Ceramics	Lead
Italy	Synthetic resins	Cadmium, Caprolactam	4
	Rubber	Zinc, Heavy metals (as lead)
Vietnam	Synthetic resins	Evaporation residue, Formaldehyde	3
	Ceramics	Lead
Netherlands	Synthetic resins	Evaporation residue	2
	Rubber	Zinc
Taiwan	Rubber	Lead (2)	2
Brazil	Glass	Cadmium, Lead	2
France	Synthetic resins	Dibutyltin compounds, Evaporation residue	2
Belgium	Synthetic resins	Evaporation residue, Bisphthalate	2
Malaysia	Rubber	Zinc (2)	2
UK	Ceramics	Lead	1
Israel	Rubber	Zinc	1
India	Rubber	Zinc	1
Australia	Synthetic resins	Burst strength test	1
Austria	Porcelain enamel	Cadmium	1
Germany	Synthetic resins	Evaporation residue	1
Poland	Combination	Evaporation residue	1
Total			82

Table 8-8 – Violations by Country and Material for Toys (FY 2011)

Country of Production	Material type	Violation Details	Cases*
China	Wheat clay	Undesignated coloring agent (11)	17
	Combination	Bisphthalate (3)
	Rubber	Zinc, Bisphthalate
	Synthetic resins	Bisphthalate
Canada	Rubber	Bisphthalate	1
Total			18

Table 9 – Major Examples of Enhanced Monitoring based on Overseas Information (FY 2011)

Month of Enhancement	Subject Country	Subject Food and Details	Background and Status
September	Mexico	Fresh papaya (Possible contamination with Salmonella)	Information was received stating that, in the USA and Canada, the contamination of Mexico-brand fresh papaya occurred with Salmonella. When an import notification was made for such fresh papaya (that is edible without use of heat), steps were taken to perform a voluntary inspection of Salmonella contamination after holding the cargo.
September	France	Foods imported from the Gard department (Possible contamination with radioactive materials)	Information was received stating that explosions occurred in nuclear-related facilities of the Gard department in France. When an import notification was made for foods sourced from the Gard department, steps were taken to contact the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
November	Italy	Almond-stuffed olives (Possible contamination with botulin)	Information was received stating that there was a serious health hazard in Finland caused by almond-stuffed olives produced in Italy. When an import notification was made for such recall products, steps were taken for reshipment, etc.
December	Philippines	Seafood and its processed products (Possible contamination with paralytic shellfish poison)	Information was received stating that there were a few deaths as a result of eating shellfish contaminated with paralytic shellfish poison in the Philippines. When an import notification was made for　shellfish and krill paste imported from the Philippines, checks were made on when and where they were caught (sea area/coastal area), and, when the cargo is in violation, steps were taken to contact the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. For fish, squid, shrimp, etc. (limited to those containing the internal organs) that are applicable to the subject location (sea/coastal area) and time, every time before they were imported, steps were taken to perform a voluntary inspection of paralytic shellfish poison contamination in the internal organs after holding the cargo.
December	USA	Health Foods (Possible contamination with Salmonella)	Information was received stating that, in the USA, health foods were contaminated with Salmonella and a voluntary recall was made for the related products. When an import notification was made for such recall products, steps were taken for reshipment, etc.
February	China	Fish and shellfish (Possible contamination with cadmium)	Information was received stating that, in the Guangxi province of China, the Longjiang river was contaminated with cadmium. Importers were ordered to stop exporting any fish and shellfish caught/raised near the Longjiang river, Rong river, and Liu river until their safety was verified. When an import notification was made for such products, steps were taken to contact the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare after holding the cargo.
February	All exporting countries	Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) (Possible hepatotoxin contamination）	Information was received from the Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA) in the UK, stating that Butterbur was suspected of being associated with hepatotoxins and a voluntary recall was made for the food. When an import notification was made for Butterbur or products containing Butterbur, the importers were ordered to stop exporting them.
March	Italy	Sorbitol (death cases)	Information was received stating that there were a few deaths of people ingesting Sorbitol in Italy. When an import notification was made for Sorbitol produced by CARGILLin Italy and any food containing the Sorbitol, steps were taken to contact the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Table 10 – Implementations of Major Bilateral Consultation and On-Site Inspections (FY 2011)

Subject item (Inspection order item, etc.)	Bilateral consultation	Date of Site Survey, etc.
Mexico, Avocado (acephate and methamidophos)	The consultation for acephate has begun in March 2011. In April 2011, methamidophos was added to the inspection order items. The consultation for methamidophos has begun in February 2012, as a subject item to be examined according to the Regulations for Comprehensive Import Bans. Japan has been requesting this country to take measures	－
USA, Broccoli (pyraclostrobin)	The consultation has begun in March 2011. In May 2011, enhanced monitoring inspections were rescinded in view of the investigation of causes and report of improvement from the USA government, and based on inspection outcomes so far.	－
USA, Orange (imazalil)	The consultation has begun in July 2011. Talks are continuing.	－
South Korea, Cucumber, Green Chili and Mini Tomato (residual agricultural chemicals)	The consultation has begun in May 2011. In June 2011, inspection orders were rescinded after steps were taken to control residual agricultural chemicals relating to violations by the South Korean government.	－
Thailand, Pandanus, Lemon Grass, Kaffir Lime Leaves, Eryngium Foetidum and Water Minosa (residual agricultural chemicals)	The consultation has begun in November 2010. Japan has been requesting this country to take measures since August 2011.	－
USA, Celery (bifenthrin)	The consultation has begun in October 2011. In December 2011, enhanced inspections for specific business operators were rescinded in view of the control system of residual agricultural chemicals in the USA and based on inspection outcomes. In March 2012, enhanced monitoring inspections were rescinded based on the outcome of inspections at the time of import.	－
Australia, Citrus (residual agricultural chemicals)	The consultation has begun in November 2011. Talks are continuing.	－
China, Spinach (residual agricultural chemicals)	The consultation has begun in July 2002. In November 2011, a voluntary ban on the import of frozen cooked spinach was lifted for a limited number of companies registered by the Chinese government, in view of the sanitation control system in China. In light of inspection outcomes so far, the number of samples (Spinach, frozen Spinach, and dried Spinach) required for the inspection order (chlorpyrifos) was determined to be one.	November 2011
South Korea, Paprika (flonicamid)	In February 2012, inspection orders were rescinded after steps were taken to control residual agricultural chemicals relating to violations by the South Korean government.	－
South Korea, Chilli (simeconazole)	Inspection orders were in effect in December 2011. The inspection orders were rescinded for a limited number of exporters after steps were taken to control residual agricultural chemicals relating to violations by the South Korean government.	－
Canada, Beef (BSE)	Talks have begun in May 2003. Site surveys were carried out to verify observance with export standards for facilities exporting to Japan, which are approved by the Canadian government. Talks are continuing.	August –September 2011
USA, Beef (BSE)	The consultation has begun in December 2003. In December 2005, export was resumed from specific facilities under export conditions requiring observance of the export program. Import procedures for all USA beef were suspended in January 2006 due to confirmation of USA calf meat containing spinal column, followed by resumption of procedures in July 2006. Site surveys were carried out on facilities approved for export to Japan, to verify observation of the Japan export program. The consultations are continuing.	November 2011
Switzerland, Cheese (Listeria monocytogenes)	Talks have begun in January 2012. In March (the same year), the inspection orders were rescinded after steps were taken to establish sanitation control by the Switzerland government.	－

Table 11 – Implementation of Exporting Country Advance Inspections (FY 2011)

South Korea
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in South Korea
Relevant law	Food Safety Basic Law Food Sanitation Law Agricultural Products Quality Control Act Marine Products Quality Control Act
Summary	Explanations were given by the section in charge of the South Korean government about the hygiene management system of foods for export to Japan, followed by exchanges of views. A seminar was held for export-related business operators, regarding Japan’s imported food-monitoring system. Further, on-site inspection was carried out for (two) food plants registered in FY 2011 under the Japanese Pre-Certification System for Imported Food, etc., to investigate the storage conditions of all records that are required for the registration and the sanitation control procedures used in these food plants.
Vietnam
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Vietnam
Relevant law	Food Safety Law Food Safety and Hygiene Law Order describing implementation of the articles of the Food Safety and Hygiene Law Government ordinance on the organization system for management of safety hygiene, inspections, and evaluations of foods
Summary	After explanations were given by the section in charge of the Vietnam government about the hygiene management system of foods for export to Japan, exchanges of views were made regarding the actual control and use of veterinary drugs within the country. On-site inspection was carried out in processing facilities and farm ponds. Further, the status of enforcement of the “Food Safety Act,” which was enforced in Vietnam on July 1, 2011, was verified.
Philippines
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Philippines
Relevant law	Republic Act No. 3720: The Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act Republic Act No. 7394: The Consumer Act of the Philippines Republic Act No. 9711: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Act of 2009 Executive Order No.175: Further Amending Republic Act No. 3720 “The Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act”
Summary	After explanations were given by the section in charge of the Philippines government about the hygiene management system of foods for export to Japan, exchanges of views were made regarding food sanitation regulations in Philippines and their measures and planning. Further, on-site inspection was carried out in Mango farms to investigate the conditions of the production management, including agricultural chemicals use. At the same time, inspections were carried out in the National Agricultural Chemicals Analysis Institute where testing procedures, etc., were verified.
Taiwan
Subject of inspection	System investigation of foods exported to Japan in Taiwan
Relevant law	Food Sanitation Control Act Agricultural Products Certification Act Commodity Inspection Act Veterinary Drugs Control Act
Summary	Explanations were given by the section in charge of Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Executive Yuan about not only the hygiene management system of foods for export to Japan and domestic food monitoring in Taiwan, but also the related regulations and implementations of food monitoring, followed by exchanges of views. In addition, on-site inspection was carried out in an eel farm and processing plant to investigate their sanitation control procedures. Concurrently, for seafood and agricultural food exports to Japan, investigations were carried out into the inspections of residual agricultural chemicals, etc., and their control system, which includes the practices of an inspection body undertaking pre-export inspections in Taiwan.

Table 12 – Outcomes of Import Consultations at Office on Imported Food Consultation by FY

	FY 2007	FY 2008	FY 2009	FY 2010	FY 2011
Import consultations implemented	10,633	11,601	13,275	14,324	15,122
Import consultations on item-by-item basis	22,038	27,083	34,245	34,479	27,334
Violations on item-by-item basis	401	410	310	426	354

Table 13 – Number of Violations in Import Consultation by Provision (FY 2011)

Provision	Violations (cases)	Proportion(%)	Details of major violations
Article 6 (Foods and additives prohibited to distribute)	1	0.2	Use of Ciguatera fish poison
Article 9 (Limited on distribution, etc. of diseased meat, etc.)	17	4.1	Use of beef materials coming via countries with incidents of BSE, material sourced from beef arriving via countries with incidents of BSE
Article 10 (Limitation on distribution, etc. of additives, etc.)	188	45.0	Use of Iodized salt, Sunflower lecithin, Polyethylene glycol, Azorubin, Potassium iodide, Vitamin K1, Manganese sulfate, β-apocarotenal, Ethyl cellulose, etc.
Article 11 (Standards and criteria for foods and additives)	212	50.5	Non-compliance with manufacturing or processing standards, violation of usage standards for additives ・ Non-compliance with manufacturing standard: inadequate sterilization of soft drinks ・ Use of inhibited foods: use of BHA in Confectionery, etc. ・ Use of excessive amounts: use of Potassium sorbate in syrup, etc. ・ Excessive residual amounts: residual Sulfur dioxide in dried fruit, etc.
Article 18 (Standards and criteria for apparatus, containers and packaging)	1	0.2	Violation of standards and criteria in containers and packaging.
Total	419 (Gross) 354 (Real)

Table 14 – Cases of Import Consultations by County, Item and Violation details (FY 2011)

Country of Production	Item	Violation details	Cases
USA	Health foods	Polyethylene glycol (5), Ethyl cellulose (2), Acesulfame potassium, Sodium benzoate, Ethyl ester, Chromium picolinate, Tocopherol succinate, Zinc oxide, Sucralose, Inositol niacinate, Urea, Riboflavin 5’-phosphate sodium, Use of material sourced from beef arriving via countries with incidents of BSE, L-selenomethionine, N-acetyl glutamine	73
	Confectionery	Use of material sourced from beef arriving via countries with incidents of BSE (7), Diluted benzoyl peroxide (5), Sodium benzoate (3), Acesulfame potassium, Calmin, Undesignated additive(flavoring agent), Potassium bromate, Potassium sorbate
	Soft drinks	Potassium sorbate (6), Sodium potassium tartrate (2), Potassium benzoate, Synthetic caffeine, Choline, Non-compliance with manufacturing standard, Sodium copper chlorophyllin, Silicon dioxide
	Powdered soft drinks	Sodium selenite, Chromic chloride, Biotin, Zinc sulfate
	Natural cheese	β-apocarotenal (4)
	Processed nuts and seeds products	Ethylene oxide, Propylene oxide
	Pineapple	Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, polyoxyethylenedodenylphenicol
	Mineral water	Ionized silver, Potassium bicarbonate
	Other foods	Ethyl cellulose, Iron orthophosphate
	Processed fruit	Sunflower lecithin
	Powdered milk	Chlorine bitartrate
	Meat products	Sodium benzoate
France	Powdered milk	Sodium selenite (2), Manganese gluconate (2), Chlorine bitartrate (2), Vitamin K1 (2), Potassium iodide (2)	37
	Confectionery	Potassium sorbate (3), Use of material sourced from beef arriving via countries with incidents of BSE (2), Sodium benzoate, 6-o-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol
	Cakes	Potassium sorbate (3), Sodium copper chlorophyllin
	Other foods	Sodium nitrite (4)
	milk drinks	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard (3)
	Health foods	potassium acetate (2)
	Vinegar	sulfurous acid (2)
	Processed nuts and seeds products	Sorbic acid
	Natural cheese	Potassium sorbate
	Fresh fish and shellfish for raw consumption	Hydrogen peroxide
	Flour paste	Copper chlorophyll
	Liqueurs	Patent blue V
Australia	Liqueurs	Sodium benzoate (5), Potassium sorbate (5), Azorubin	36
	Soft drinks	Sulfur dioxide (3), Dioxide dimethyl (3), Sorbic acid (2)
	Confectionery	Iodized salt (7)
	Health foods	Iron oxide, Iron (II/III) oxide, selenomethionine
	Powdered milk	Potassium iodide (3)
	Bread	Iodized salt (3)
	Other foods	Potassium sorbate
Germany	Powdered milk	Sodium selenate (4), Potassium iodate (4), Manganese sulfate (4), Vitamin K1 (3), Sodium selenite, Vitamin K3, Potassium sulfate	36
	Beer	Azorubin (3), Sodium benzoate (3), Cyclamic acid (3)
	Confectionery	Iron (II/III) oxide (2)
	Health foods	Gluconic acid sulfate, Neohesperidine
	Spice	Potassium sorbate
	Soft drinks	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard
	Processed　agricultural products	Sodium diacetate
	Frozen foods	Iodized salt
	Other foods	Use of material sourced from beef arriving via countries with incidents of BSE
China	Instant noodles	Sodium potassium tripolyphosphate (8), Use of material sourced from beef arriving via countries with incidents of BSE	26
	Seasonings	Potassium sorbate (5)
	Confectionery	Azorubin, Potassium sorbate, Brown HT
	Syrup	Potassium sorbate, Propylene glycol
	Processed agricultural products	Sorbic acid, Sodium thiosulfate
	Apparatus	Antimony
	Cakes	BHA
	Meat products	Acetic anhydride
	Food additives	Sodium hyaluronate
	Pickles	Sodium cyclamate
South Korea	Soft drinks	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard (6), Sodium benzoate, Cadmium, Lead	26
	Confectionery	Magnesium stearate (4)
	Health foods	Zinc oxide, Ferrous fumarate, Ferric phosphate
	Powdered soft drinks	Sodium aluminosilicate (2)
	Other foods	Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (2)
	Ice cream	Silicone resin
	Food additives	Use of nonrecognition genetic recombination enzyme
	Seasonings	Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate
	Pickles	P-hydroxy benzoic acid methyl
	Beer	Zinc sulfate
	Yogurt	Amidated pectin
Italy	Confectionery	Potassium sorbate (3), Lecithin derived from elaeis guineensis (2), BHA	16
	Other foods	Potassium sorbate (3), Quinoline Yellow
	Frozen foods	Use of material sourced from beef arriving via countries with incidents of BSE (2), Trisodium pyrophosphate
	Cakes	Potassium sorbate
	Syrup	Propylene glycol
	Soft drinks	Calmin
Philippines	Confectionery	Iodized salt (4)	13
	Processed seafoods	Iodized salt (3)
	Processed nuts and seeds products	Iodized salt
	Meat products	Iodized salt
	Soft drinks	Iodized salt
	Instant noodles	Yellow 4
	Seasonings	Potassium sorbate
	Processed agricultural products	Sulfur dioxide
Thailand	Soft drinks	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard (3), Zinc citrate	12
	Seasonings	Sodium copper chlorophyllin, Copper chlorophyll, Potassium sorbate
	Processed fruit	Sodium benzoate
	Apparatus, containers and packaging	Non-compliance with application-specific Specifications
	Processed seafoods	Iodized salt
	Powdered soft drinks	Chromium picolinate
	Mineral water	Manganese dioxide
Malaysia	Frozen foods	Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (6), Brown HT	12
	Sauces	Benzoic acid (2)
	Epinephelus stictus	Ciguatera fish poison
	Confectionery	Sodium aluminosilicate
	Soft drinks	Aluminum sodium silicate
Turkey	Soft drinks	Potassium sorbate (2), β-8’-apocarotenal (2), Azorubin, Ester gum, Potassium sorbate, Brilliant black	11
	Processed fruit	Potassium sorbate (2)
	Confectionery	Carotenoid pigment derived from sunflower
Peru	Chocolate	Sorbic acid (7)	11
	Soft drinks	Ammonium formate (3)
	Health foods	Ethyl cellulose
Canada	Confectionery	Potassium sorbate (4)	9
	Health foods	Sodium borate, Manganese sulfate
	Processed seafoods	Chlorine dioxide
	Cakes	Sorbic acid
	Seasonings	Food coloring Yellow 5
Belgium	Chocolate	Sorbic acid (8), Aluminum potassium silicate	9
Denmark	Confectionery	Zinc acetate (4), Sunflower lecithin (4)	8
UK	Seasonings	Amidated pectin, Sodium benzoate, Potassium sorbate	6
	Confectionery	Sorbic acid
	Health foods	Sunflower lecithin
	Other foods	Copper chlorophyllin
Taiwan	Soft drinks	Sorbic acid (2)	6
	Processed agricultural products	Potassium sorbate (2)
	Hermetically packaged, Pressure and heat sterilized food products	Use of artificial coloring in noodles (2)
Brazil	Soft drinks	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard (5)	6
	Confectionery	Sodium benzoate
Russia	Confectionery	Quinoline Yellow, Green S	6
	Processed seafoods	Sodium benzoate, Black NP
	Mineral water	Non-compliance with standards of raw water
	Other foods	Potassium sorbate
Israel	Syrup	Propylene glycol (3)	5
	Health foods	Phytoene, Phytofluene
Portugal	Vinegar	Sulfur dioxide (3)	5
	Soups / Stews	Use of material sourced from beef arriving via countries with incidents of BSE (2)
Indonesia	Confectionery	Cochineal aluminium lake, Brown HK	4
	Seasonings	Iodized salt
	Mineral water	Non-compliance with standards of raw water
Macedonia	Cereal preparations	Magnesium citrate (2), Biotin (2)	4
Netherlands	Health foods	Choline chloride (3)	3
Spain	Confectionery	Sunflower lecithin	3
	Syrup	Silicone resin
	Processed agricultural products	Sulfur dioxide
New Zealand	Confectionery	Propylene glycol	3
	Health foods	Use of material sourced from beef arriving via countries with incidents of BSE
	Carrot	Hypobromite
Vietnam	Soft drinks	Acesulfame potassium	3
	Processed agricultural products	Propylene glycol
	Mineral water	Non-compliance with standards of raw water
Poland	Seasonings	Potassium sorbate (2), Copper chlorophyll	3
Mexico	Seasonings	Sodium benzoate, Potassium sorbate	3
	Cereal preparations	Potassium sorbate
Austria	Confectionery	Sunflower lecithin (2)	2
Greece	Confectionery	Sorbic acid, Sodium fluoride	2
Singapore	Confectionery	Quinoline Yellow	3
	Oils and fats	Sodium stearolyl lactylate
	Health foods	Magnesium stearate
Sri Lanka	Soft drinks	Benzoic acid	2
	Mineral water	Non-compliance with standards of raw water
Slovakia	Mineral water	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard (2)	2
Pakistan	Soft drinks	Potassium sorbate (2)	2
Ukraine	Soft drinks	Iodine	1
Ghana	Health foods	Irradiation	1
Georgia	Soft drinks	Potassium sorbate	1
Sweden	Meat products	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard	1
Czech Republic	Health foods	Polyethylene glycol	1
Chile	Processed fruit	Peracetic acid	1
Fiji	Soft drinks	Sodium chlorite	1
Puerto Rico	Soft drinks	Potassium sorbate	1
Republic of Belarus	Health foods	Polyethylene glycol	1
Hong Kong	Soft drinks	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard	1
Myanmar	Soft drinks	Non-compliance with manufacturing standard	1
Total			419

Table 15 – Imported Food Violations Detected IN Domestic Monitoring (FY 2011)

Country of Production	Item	Violation Details	Cases*
China	Asparagus	Ametrun	5
	Immature beans	Buprofezin
	Eel product	Ivermectin
	Sea urchin (for raw consumption)	Vibrio parahaemolyticus
	Broccoli	Haloxyfop
Thailand	Immature peas	Cypermethrin, Propiconazole, Difenoconazole, Diniconazole	4
South Korea	Cultured olive flounder	Kudoa septempunctata (3)	3
USA	Beef	No hygiene certificate attached (2)	3
	Cinnamon powder	Ethylene oxide
Italy	Fruits brandy	Methanol	1
France	Cereal	Sunflower lecithin	1
Malaysia	Cracker	TBHQ	1
Total			18

(Reference) Description of Key Terms Used in Results of Monitoring and Guidance

Term	Description
Sodium chlorite	Additives (Bactericide, bleaching agent)
Acid blue	Undesignated additive
Nitrite	Additives (coloring agent)
Sodium nitrite	Additives (coloring agent)
Acesulfame potassium	Additives (sweetener)
Acetamiprid	Agricultural chemical (neonicotinoid insecticide)
Acetochlor	Agricultural chemical (anilide herbicide)
Acephate	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Sodium selenite	Undesignated additive
Azorubine	Undesignated additive
Aflatoxin	Fungal toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus, etc.
Oil palm lecithin	Undesignated additive
Amidated pectin	Undesignated additive
Ametryn	Agricultural chemical (triazine herbicide)
Aldicarb sulfoxide	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Sodium aluminosilicate	Undesignated additive
Benzoic acid	Additives (preservative)
Potassium benzoate	Undesignated additive
Sodium benzoate	Additives (preservative)
Ionization silver	Undesignated additive
Isoprocarb	Agricultural chemical (carbamate insecticide)
Carbon monoxide	Undesignated additive
Genetic modification	Technology such as fragmentation of bacterial genes, followed by arrangement of the gene sequences or introducing the arranged genes into other organism’s genes.
Iprobenfos	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Ivermectin	Veterinary drug (control agent of endoparasites)
Imazalil	Additives (antifungal agent)
Imidacloprid	Agricultural chemical (chlorinicotinyl insecticide)
Indoxacarb	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Ester gum	Additives (chewing gum base)
Ethion	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Ethyl ester	Undesignated additive
Ethyl cellulose	Undesignated additive
Calcium disodium ethylene diaminetetraacetate	Additives (antioxidant)
Chromic chloride	Undesignated additive
Endosulfan	Agricultural chemical (organochlorine insecticide)
Enrofloxacin	Veterinary drug (new quinolone synthetic antibacterial agent)
Oxytetracycline	Veterinary drug (tetracycline antibiotic)
Oxolinic acid	Veterinary drug (synthetic antimicrobial quinolone)
Ofloxacin	Veterinary drug (synthetic antibacterial agent)
Ferric orthophosphate	Undesignated additive
Peracetate	Undesignated additive
Hydrogen peroxide	Additives (bactericide, bleaching agent)
Carbaryl	Agricultural chemical (carbamate insecticide)
Carbendazim, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl and benomyl	Agricultural chemical (carbamate fungicide)
Calmin	Undesignated additive
Ammonium formate	Undesignated additive
Diluted benzoyl peroxide	Additives (wheat flour treating agent)
Xylene yellow	Undesignated additive
Quinoline yellow	Undesignated additive
Zinc citrate	Undesignated additive
Magnesium citrate	Undesignated additive
Green S	Undesignated additive
Glyphosate	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous herbicide)
Ferrous gluconate	Additives (color stabilizer)
Manganese gluconate	Undesignated additive
Gluconic acid sulfate	Undesignated additive
Clenbuterol	Veterinary drug (breeding agent)
Chromium picolinate	Undesignated additive
Chloramphenicol	Veterinary drug (chloramphenicol antibiotic)
Chlordane	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Chlorpyriphos	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Chlorfenapyr	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Aluminum potassium silicate	Undesignated additive
Aluminum sodium silicate	Undesignated additive
Diarrhetic shellfish toxin	Shellfish toxin (mainly refers to toxins produced by a harmful plankton accumulated in clams, toxic clams cause diarrhetic poisoning)
Synthetic caffeine	Undesignated additive
Tocopherol succinate	Undesignated additive
Choline chloride	Undesignated additive
Cyclamic acid	Undesignated additive
Sodium cyclamate	Undesignated additive
Zinc acetate	Undesignated additive
Potassium acetate	Undesignated additive
Zinc oxide	Undesignated additive
Ethylene oxide	Undesignated additive
Ferric oxide	Undesignated additive
Propylene oxide	Undesignated additive
Hypobromite	Undesignated additive
Cyanide	Harmful or poisonous compound (cyanide-related compounds (e.g., cyanogenic glycoside) ) found in vegetables such as some varieties of beans.
Diuron (DCMU)	Agricultural chemical (herbicide)
Cyenopyrafen	Agricultural chemical (pyrazole insecticide)
sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate	Undesignated additive
Ciguatera toxins	Fishery products which contain Shiga terra poison (Ciguatoxin and related compounds)
Diniconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Difenoconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Diflubenzuron	Agricultural chemical (urea insecticide)
Cypermethrin	Agricultural chemical (pyrethroid insecticide)
Simeconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Dimethomorph	Agricultural chemical (fungicide)
Choline bitartrate	Undesignated additive
Potassium bromate	Undesignated additive
Potassium sodium tartrate	Undesignated additive
Food yellow No.4	Additives (coloring agent)
Food yellow No.5	Additives (coloring agent)
Silicone resin	Additives (antifoam agent)
Sucralose	Additives (sweetener)
Magnesium stearate	Additives (enhancer)
Sulfadiazine	Veterinary drug (fungicide)
Sulfadimethoxine	Veterinary drug (synthetic antibacterial agent)
Sulfamethoxazole	synthetic antibacterial agent (sulfur agent)
Selenomethionine	Undesignated additive
Sodium selenate	Undesignated additive
Sorbic acid	Additives (preservative)
Potassium sorbate	Additives (preservative)
Potassium hydrogen carbonate	Undesignated additive
Thiabendazole	Agricultural chemical (heterocyclic fungicide)
Thiamethoxam	Agricultural chemical (neonicotinoid insecticide)
Sodium thiosulfate	Undesignated additive
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	Pathogenic microorganism (A bacterium living in seawater (estuaries, coastal areas, etc.) that commonly contaminates fish and shellfish, and causes abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, fever and vomiting.)
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ( E.coli ) O26, O157 etc.	Pathogenic microorganism (A bacterium that normally lives in the intestines of animals. It contaminates foods and drinking water by way of faces and urine, and causes acute abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea together with large amounts of fresh blood after early cold-like symptoms.)
Tetracycline	Veterinary drug (tetracycline antibiotic)
Tetracyclines antibiotics	Generic name of the antibiotics having a constant spectrum. i.e., oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and tetracycline etc.
Tebuconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Tebufenozide	Agricultural chemical (benzoyl hydrazide insecticide)
Copper complexes of chlorophyllins	Undesignated additive
Sodium copper chlorophyllin	Additives (coloring agent)
Copper chlorophyll	Additives (coloring agent)
Triadimenol	Agricultural chemical (phenoxy fungicide)
Triazophos	Agricultural chemical (phenoxy insecticide)
Trifluralin	Agricultural chemical (dinitroaniline herbicide)
Potassium sodium tripolyphosphate	Undesignated additive
Natamycin	Additives (used in food manufacture)
Inositol niacinate	Undesignated additive
Sodium diacetate	Undesignated additive
Sulfur dioxide	Additives (antioxidant)
Chlorine dioxide	Additives (wheat flour treating agent)
Silicon dioxide	Additives (manufacturing agent)
Manganese dioxide	Undesignated additive
Dimethyl dicarbonate	Undesignated additive
Nitrofurantoin	Veterinary drug (furan synthetic antibacterial agent)
Nitrofurans	Term collectively refers to nitrofuran synthetic antimicrobial that is used as veterinary drug
Urea	Undesignated additive
Neohesperidine	Undesignated additive
Patulin	Mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Penicillium, Aspergillus, etc.
Patent blue V	Undesignated additive
Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate	Undesignated additive
Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate	Undesignated additive
Haloxyfop	Agricultural chemical (herbicide)
Sodium hyaluronic acid	Undesignated additive
Biotin	Additives (enhancer)
Chromium picolinic acid	Undesignated additive
Vitamin K1	Undesignated additive
Bitertanol	Agricultural chemical (heterocyclic fungicide)
Bifenthrin	Agricultural chemical (pyrethroid insecticide)
Piperonyl butoxide	Agricultural chemical, veterinary drug (insect repellent)
Sunflower lecithin	Undesignated additive
Pirimiphos-methyl	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Pyrimethanil	Agricultural chemical (aminopyrimidine fungicide)
Trisodium diphosphate	Undesignated additive
Phytoene	Undesignated additive
Phytofluene	Undesignated additive
Fipronil	Agricultural chemical (heterocyclic insecticide)
Fenitrothion	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Fenamidone	Agricultural chemical (imidazoline fungicide)
Fenvalerate	Agricultural chemical (pyrethroid insecticide)
Fenbuconazole	Agricultural chemical (heterocyclic fungicide)
Fenpropathrin	Agricultural chemical (pyrethroid insecticide)
Sodium fluoride	Undesignated additive
Buprofezin	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Ferrous fumarate	Undesignated additive
Brown HK	Undesignated additive
Brown HT	Undesignated additive
Furazolidone	Veterinary drug (nitrofuran synthetic antibacterial agent) ; generates AOZ when metabolized
Black NP	Undesignated additive
Furaltadone	Veterinary drug (nitrofuran synthetic antibacterial agent) ; generates AMOZ when metabolized
Brilliant black BN	Undesignated additive
Fluquinconazole	Agricultural chemical (triazole fungicide)
Fludioxonil	Agricultural chemical (antifungal agent)
Flusilazole	Agricultural chemical (heterocyclic fungicide)
Propionic acid	Additives (preservative)
Propiconazole	Agricultural chemical (fungicide)
Propylene glycol	Additives (solvent)
Profenophos	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Prometryn	Agricultural chemical (triazine herbicide)
Hexane	Additives (oil and fat extraction agent)
Heptachlor	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Sodium borate	Undesignated additive
Phoxim	Agricultural chemical (insecticide)
Boscalid	Agricultural chemical (anilide fungicide)
Polyethylene glycol	Undesignated additive
Polyoxy ethylenedodenyl phenicol	Undesignated additive
Polysorbate	Additives (emulsifier)
Paralytic shellfish poison	Shellfish poison (mainly refers to toxins produced by a harmful plankton accumulated in clams, toxic clams cause paralytic poisoning)
Malachite green	Veterinary drug (triphenylmethane synthetic antibacterial agent)
Acetic acid anhydride	Undesignated additive
Methamidophos	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Melamine	A chemical substance used as a primary raw material of melamine resins
Potassium iodide	Undesignated additive
Iodine	Undesignated additive
Iodized salt	Undesignated additive
Potassium iodate	Undesignated additive
Lasalocid	Veterinary drug
Listeria monocytogenes	Pathogenic microorganism (A normal flora in the natural environment that contaminates milk products and processed meat products, and causes influenza-like symptoms including tiredness and fever)
Riboflavin 5’-phosphate sodium	Undesignated additive
Zinc sulfate	Additives (enhancer)
Potassium sulfate	Undesignated additive
Manganese sulfate	Undesignated additive
Ferric phosphate	Undesignated additive
Lufenuron	Agricultural chemical (benzoylphenyl urea insecticide)
Leucomalachite green	Veterinary drug (metabolite of malachite green)
2,4-D	Agricultural chemical (phenoxy acid herbicide)
Iron sesquioxide	Additives (coloring agent)
4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid	Agricultural chemical
6-o-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol	Undesignated additive
BHA	Additives (antioxidant)
BHC	Agricultural chemical (organochlorine insecticide)
BSE (bovin spongiform encephalopathy)	An indolent malignant central neurological disease in cattle that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain tissues and symptoms including astasia.
DDT	Agricultural chemical (organochlorine insecticide)
EPN	Agricultural chemical (organophosphorous insecticide)
Kudoa septempunctata	Kind of parasite that causes food poisoning. (Myxosporidia)
L-selenomethionine	Undesignated additive
N-acetylglutamate	Undesignated additive
TBHQ	Undesignated additive
β-apo-8'-carotenal	Undesignated additive
β- apo carotenal	Undesignated additive