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3)   Caregivers

"Nursery school teachers" are prevailing as the "usual caregivers of children", and "mothers" and "fathers" have decreased.

In addition, grandparents on mother's side (14.7% grandmothers, and 5.7% grandfathers) are more likely to act as a usual caregiver than those on father's side (12.0% grandmothers and 5.1% grandfathers). In particular, "grandparents on mother's side" show a higher tendency to be involved in childcare when the children are "living with parents, or parents and siblings only" apart from their grandparents. (Table 6)

Table 6   Usual caregivers in the breakdown of family members living together (multiple answers)
(Unit: %)
  Total Mother Father Grandmother on mother's side Grandfather on mother's side Grandmother on father's side Grandfather on father's side Nursery school teacher Nursery mother or baby sitter Others
2nd Survey   (100.0) 95.2 49.4 15.2 5.8 12.5 5.4 18.4 0.5 2.4
   
3rd Survey (100.0) 100.0 92.8 44.6 14.7 5.7 12.0 5.1 26.6 0.4 2.3
Living with parents (95.9) 100.0 93.5 46.3 13.6 5.3 12.2 5.2 25.2 0.4 2.2
  W/ parents, or parents & sibling(s) only (74.6) 100.0 94.8 50.1 11.7 4.6 5.3 2.4 24.5 0.4 1.6
  W/ parents only (26.0) 100.0 94.4 53.8 13.6 5.1 5.7 2.8 25.9 0.5 1.4
W/ parents and sibiling(s) (48.6) 100.0 95.1 48.1 10.7 4.3 5.1 2.2 23.7 0.4 1.6
W/ parents and grand parent(s) (20.9) 100.0 88.7 32.9 20.4 7.8 37.0 15.3 27.7 0.3 4.1
  W/ parents and mother's parent(s) (5.7) 100.0 87.3 29.7 62.4 23.5 2.8 0.5 26.9 0.3 5.0
W/ parents and father's parent(s) (15.1) 100.0 89.3 34.2 4.5 1.9 49.9 20.9 28.0 0.3 3.8
W/ parents and grand parents (0.1) 100.0 82.9 31.4 28.6 11.4 31.4 8.6 34.3 2.9 2.9
W/ parents and others (0.4) 100.0 90.8 41.8 6.0 1.1 2.7 0.5 31.0 0.5 15.2
Living with single parent (4.0) 100.0 78.4 3.6 39.5 14.8 7.7 2.9 58.6 0.9 5.0
Others (0.1) 100.0 - - 59.1 22.7 27.3 18.2 45.5 - 22.7
Notes:
  1)  Calculated based on total responses from each survey
  2)  Total includes the number of "Unknown" in "Usual caregivers" and in "composition of families living together"

Focusing on the combination of caregivers, a "combination with nursery school teachers" was increasing; while, a proportion of "mother only" was unchanged compared with the previous survey. (Figure 5)

Figure 5   Changes in the proportion of caregivers

Figure 5 Changes in the proportion of caregivers
Note:  Calculated based on total responses from the First through Third Surveys.

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