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(3)Mother's Employment Status

The rate of employed mothers increased year by year.

The rate of mothers with or looking for a job is higher with children without younger siblings.

The rate of employed mothers has increased year by year, from 25.1% in the 1st survey to 41.8% in the 4th survey (Figure 2).

The rate of mothers newly employed during the past year (answering "unemployed" in the 3rd survey and "employed" in the 4th survey) was 16.4%. The rate is lower with children who have younger siblings (12.6%), than without (18.5%). The rate in the 3rd survey of unemployed mothers who replied, "seeking a job" in the 4th survey, was also lower with children who have younger siblings (8.3%) than without (13.5%) (Table 4).

Figure 2  Changes in proportion in mothers with a job

figure
Note:The figures are based on the total responses of children living with their mothers in the
1st through 4th surveys (total replies: 39,661).


Table 4  Changes in employment status of mothers
with or without younger sibling(s)
(Unit: %)
   4th survey
Total Un-
employed
   Employed   
(Previ-
ously
reported)
Seeking a
job
(Previously
reported)
Not
seeking a
job
Full-time
worker
Part-time
worker
Self-
employed
worker/
Family
worker
Piece-
worker at
home
Others
3rd survey Total number (100.0) 100.0 56.9 8.8 47.7 42.0 15.6 18.1 5.3 2.1 0.9
  Without younger sibling(s) (68.3) 100.0 51.7 9.5 41.8 47.2 16.7 21.7 5.6 2.4 0.9
With younger sibling(s) (31.7) 100.0 68.1 7.3 60.3 30.8 13.3 10.3 4.8 1.4 1.0
Unemployed (100.0) 100.0 82.5 11.6 70.3 16.4 1.3 10.0 2.2 2.3 0.5
  Without younger sibling(s) (63.8) 100.0 80.3 13.5 66.2 18.5 1.3 11.6 2.2 2.8 0.5
With younger sibling(s) (36.2) 100.0 86.4 8.3 77.5 12.6 1.3 7.3 2.2 1.5 0.4
Employed (100.0) 100.0 9.6 3.5 5.8 89.5 42.2 32.8 11.1 1.6 1.8
  Without younger sibling(s) (76.6) 100.0 7.6 3.3 4.1 91.5 40.6 37.1 10.7 1.7 1.5
With younger sibling(s) (23.4) 100.0 16.1 4.3 11.3 82.8 47.6 18.9 12.1 1.3 2.9
Notes:1)The figures are based on the total responses of children living with their mothers in the 3rd and 4th surveys (total replies: 40,446). The total includes the number of samples with "unknown" for each item.
2)The "unemployed" includes "unknown" and "students" concerning job-seeking status.
3)The status of with or without younger sibling(s) is from the 4th survey.


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